272
HISTORY OF PRINTING.
The fooVt cap was a later device, and does not seem to bare been nearly of such long con- tinuance as the former. It has given place to the figure Britannia, or that of a lion rampant, supporting the cap of liberty on a pole : the
^ name, however, has continued, ana we still
A denominate paper of a articular size by the
/ title oi foolscap paper. The subjoined figure
has the cap and bells which we so often read of in old plays and histories as the particular dress of the fool, who formerly fonned part of every great man's establishment.
Post paper seems to have derived its name from the post-horn which at one time was its distinguishing mark. This is of later date, and does not seem to have been used before the establishment of the general post-office, when it became the custom to blow a horn.
The paper from which the above is copied • was dated 1670.
The mark is still sometimes used ; but the same change which has so much diminished the number of painted sig^ns in the streets of our towns and cities, has nearly made paper-marks a matter of antiquarian curiosity ; the maker's
name being now generally used, and the marlc in the few instances where it still remains, serv ing the purpose of mere ornament rather that of distinction.
1539. The ByhU in Englythe: That is ti taye, the content of all the Holy Scrypture, both* of the Olde and Newe Testament; truly trans- lated after the veryte of the Hebrue and Grekt textes, by the dylyyent studye of dyvers exeelUni learned men, expert in tJie forsayde tonget Prvnted by Rychard Grafton and Edward Whitchurch, cumpriv.
This is called Cfrmvmer's Bible; and this edi. tion of it has a beautiful frontispiece, cut in wood, said to have been designed by Hani Holbien ; representing in the upper part, king Henry VIII. on his throne, under Goa, deliver- ing these books to his lords spiritual, on one hand, and temporal on the other ; in the middle part is archbishop Cranmer, on one side, deliver- ing the said book to the clergy ; and Cromwell, earl of Essex, the king's vicar-general, on the other side, to the laity; all expressing them- selves to the purpose, by Latin labels out ol scripture: at the bottom is the said king at divine service in his cross-barred pew ; the priest, in his pulpit, praying, and almost all the con- gregation turned towards the king, and crying vivat rex. On the back of this frontispiece, are the names of all the books in the Bible; Then akalendar: an almanac for 19 years: an ex- hortation to the studye of the holy scriptures, &c. The sum and content of the holy scrip- ture, &c. A prologue, expresynge what is meant bv certun signes and tokens set in the Bible: the succession of the kynges of JudsJi and Jerusalem, declaring when, and under what kynges every prophet lyved : lastlv, with what judgment t£e tx>kes of the Olde Testament are to be read. After these chapters begins the first book of Moses, which is followed by the rest ; which are adorned, in many places, with wooden cuts. The title of the New Testament is — The New Testament in Englyshe ; translated after the Grehe : Contayning these Sokes, ^-c. Around it is a broad border, representing, in wooden cuts, the principal stories in the said Testament, as the salutation, the nativity, &c. At the end are two tables; the one, to the epistles and gospels, usually read in the church, after Salisbury use ; and the other, a table of the epistles and gospels, which are red on divers sainctes dayes in the yeare. The whole book concluding with these words: — ^The Ende of the New Testament, and of the whole Byble; fynished in Apryll, anno. 1539.
1539, May 13. A bill was brought into par- liament vesting in the crown all the proper!^ of the monastic institutions. By a late visitation, fresh crimes had been produced against the reli- gious houses ; so that the severity of the king was conducted with such seeming justice and success, that within twelve months after the passing of the act, the^gieater monasteries shared the fate of their predecessors. The monasteries visited amounted to six hundred and forty-four,
