340
HISTORY OF PRINTING.
acted from conscientious ntotives; but be was proud and overbearing. He left a widow, by wbom be bad a son, who died an infant. Cal- vin's works make 9 vols, folio.
1564, Died, Charles Stephens. He was tbird son of Henir, the founder of the family, and brother of Robert and of Francis, the latter of whom we have noticed in page 300. Ricciolius savs, that he had begun to attract pub- lic notice by liis learning and talents, so early as in the year 1620. He became preceptor of Antoine, son of Lazare de Bayf ; and attended the latter in an embassy to Germany, in 1540. Charles Stephens himself travelled much, par- ticularly in Italy. At Venice he formed an intimacy with the celebrated Paul Manutius. He was a great admirerof the remains of ancient art, and took a singular pleasure in antiquarian researches. He afterwards turned his thoughts and studies to medical science, which he pro- fessed at Paris with reputation. In this quality of a«physician, he is honourably mentioned by tBuchanan,* in his elegy on the gout.
On subjects connected with the medical pro- fession, he produced several considerable works. The celebrated naturalist, Pierre Belon, received
freiit a$.sistance from him in his work on Water owls, which was printed by Charles Stephens himself, in 1553. It was not until 1551 that be began the business of printing. He is represented as an avaricious man, jealous of his brethren and even of his nephews, whom he endeavoured to injure on every occasion. He was, however, unsuccessful in business, and was imprisoned for debt in the Cbatelet, and died there in 1564. Maittaire says that the fine editions of Charles Stephens nave never been surpassed; that in point of erudition and an author, he evinced himself not inferior to the other eminent members of his family, or of the roost learned printers of his time, and that in bis short space, few of them printed more books. On account of his great personal merit and learn- ing, he was also decorated with the title of Typo- graphus Regius; and with that designation his impressions are distinguished from 1561 to 1661. Besides the works connected with his profession
- George Bnchaoan was bora in Bumbajtonshire, in
Scotland, in 1500 > educated first at St. Andrew's, and then at Paris, where he embraced the doctrines of the reforma. tion. James V. employed him as a tutor to his natural son, the Earl of Moray ; and at the same king's command he attacked the Franciscans in a satirical poem, for which his life beinp threatened, he fled to Eng-land, and thence to France, where he wrote four tragedies In Latin. He next went to Portugal, and became a teacher of philosophy in the university of Coirabra, but expressing some free opinions, he was confined in a monastery, in which he translated David's Psalms into Latin. In 1651 he obtained his liberty, and after residing some time in France and England, returned to his native country, where he was appointed principal of the college of St. Leonard's, In St. Andrew's. This favour he obtained from queen Mary, which he 111 requited, by writin;' a book called A Detection of her Doingn, ilcsigtied to prejudice the minds of her sub- jects against her. He was nominated tutor to James VI., and being afterwards reproached with making him a pedant, he replied that " it was the best he could make of him." He died at Edinburgh, February 28, 1583. Besides what is above mentioned, he wrote Latin jxwms, some of which arc beautiful. His History nf Seotland is also elegantly written.
as a physician and naturalist, Charles Stephens composed several of a miscellaneous description, and others for the promotion of critical and grammatical studies, and the advancement of general learning.
1564. William May gave to the stationers' company, a cup all gilt, with a cover, called a " maudelen cuppe, weighing eleven ounces," and at the same time " a spone all gilt, with the arms of the house," the gift of Richard Jugge ; and another the gift of Mr. Ireland.
1564, Sunday, August 6. Queen Elizabeth, during her visit to Cambridge, witnessed the the play of Aulularia Plauto, which was got up at her cost, in the body of King's college church.
During the reign of Elizabeth, there was a prevailing laxity of morals, especially with res- pect to the sabbath, that a strict attention to the solemnity of that day was considered as the stig- ma of a Puritan.* In Heame's manuscript Co/^c/aiiAi, there is a license from the queen, of 1671, directed to the officers of Middlesex, per- mitting one John Swinton Powlter, to have and use some playes and games at or uppon nine severall sondaies," within the said county. And because " greate resorte of people is lyke to come thereunto," he is required, for the preservation of the peace, and for the sake of good order, to take with him four or five discreet and substantial men of those places " where the games shall be put in practice," to superintend "during the con- tynuance of the games or playes." Some of the exhibitions are then specified, such as, " shoting« with brode arrow, the lepping for men, the pytchyng of the barre," and the like; after which follows this very general clause, " with all suche other games, as have at anye time heretofore, or now be lycensed, used, or played."
1565. Printing introduced into the city of Norwich. It appears that about this period, many strangers from the Low Countries,f came and settled in Norwich, and amongst them was Anthony de Solempne, a printer, and who was so well approved of, that the freedom of the city was presented to him. Strype, in his Life of archbishop Grindal^ under the year 1568, states, that " Corranus of late had caused a table, en- titled, De Operihu Dei, wrote by him in French, to be printed in Norwich." In the library of
- 1°he name of Puritan arose from the dissensions of
the English refugees at Frankfort, in the reign of queen Mary. They adopted the rigid tenets of Calvin, and first appeared in England about 1566. See the Llfcof Richard Cox, D.O. in Chalmer's Gen. Biog. Diet. v. x. pp.4a8 — IM. Dr. Cox died July 2!], 1591, in the 82d year of his age, and was buried in Ely cathedral, of which see he had been appointed bishop by queen Elizabeth, in 1&59. See also, Neal's Hist, of the Puritans; Brook's Licesoftfie Puritamt t Scott's Hist, of the Reformers. &c.
■f To the number of 3925 masters, workmen, and scr. Tants, and who established all sorts of woollen manaftu> ture. The mayor and sherilft waited on Tliomas, duke of Norfolk, at his palace there, and got the freedom and liberty of the city granted to them.
I Edmund Grlndal, archbishop of Canterbury, was born at Kenslngham, in Cumberland, in Isig. In 1559, hewas chosen master of Pembroke Hall, C^ambridge ; same year, bishop of London ; in 15/0, to the see of York} and In 1575, to the archbishopric of Canterbury. He died at Croydon, in Snrry, July 6, I5S3. He contributed to Fox's Acts and Monuments.
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