EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
737
1776. EzEiuBLRu98EL,a printer from Salem, pened a printing-office at Danreis, a town of bssez county, in the slate of Massachusetts, in l^orth America. His printing-office was " in a ouse known by the name of the Bell tavern ; ut soon afterwards removed to Boston."
1776. Samuel Locden, a printer of New Tork, removed with his press to Fishkill, a town f Duchess county, in the province of New York, Turth America, a short time before the British rmy took possession of the city ; and here con- nued to publish the New York PacA«< until the stabKshment of peace.
1776. Died, Robert Foulis, a celebrated rinter and letter-founder of Glasgow, in Scot- md, who, in conjunction with his brother ndrew, who died in 1774, produced some works t the art of typography that will cause their ames to be recorded in the temple of fame. 'hey were both natives of Glasgow, and' were am, the elder brother,' April 20, 1707, and le younger, Andrew, Nov. 23, 1712. Robert as originally a barber, and practised that art a his own account for some time. While thus umbly employed, he came under the notice of le celebrated Dr. Francis Hutcheson,* then pro- ssor of moral philosophy in Glasgow university, his acute observer discovered his talents, in- imed his desire for knowledge, and suggested
him the idea 'of becoming a bookseller and rinter. Foulis did not, however, receive a com- iete university education, although he attended s patron's lectures for several years, and his aae is so enrolled in the matriculation book, ndrew, who seems to have been designed v for le church, entered the university in 1727, and ^>bably went through a regular course of study, or some years after they had determined to fol- w a literary life, the brothers were engaged
teaching the languages during the winter, id in making short tours into England and to e continent in summer. These excursions ere of great advantage to them ; they brought tern into contact widi eminent men, enabled em to form connexions in their business, and (tended their knowledge of books. Un some ' these occasions they made considerable collec- )DS, which they sold at home to good account, hus prepared, the elder brother began biisiness
Glasgow as a bookseller about the end of '39, and in the following year published veral works. Three years afterwards his con- !xion with the university commenced. In iarch, 1743, he was appointed their printer, ider condition " that he shall not use the desig- ition of university printer without allowance om the university meeting in any books ex-' ipting those of ancient authors." The date at hich Andrew joined him in business is some- hat uncertain. The first productions of his ■ess, which were issued in 1742, were almost
- Dr. Francia Hatcheaon was born in the north of tre-
nd, August 8, iBfn, luid died at Glasgow in 1755. Hewas very line writer on moral philoflophy, and an excellent an. His Mitral PMuophji was published at Glasgow In ro vols. 4to.
exclusively of a religious nature, many of them relating to the well known George Wnitefield.* In 1742, he published Demetrim PhtUereu* de EloctUione, apparently the first Greek work printed in Glasgow, although it is certain that there existed a fount of Greek letters there nearly a century before. It would be tedious to notice each work as it appeared. The immacu- late edition of Horace, an edition of Cicero't works in twenty volumes, Casar's Commentaries in folio, Callimachiu in the same size, with en- gravings executed at their academy, form but a small part of the splendid catalogue of their classics. The success which had attended their exertions as printers, induced the elder Foulis to attempt the establishment of an academy for the cultivation of the fine arts, a scheme for which Scotland was but ill prepared by the dissensions which had followed the union, and which had been succeeded bv the rebellions of 171d and 1745. In 1761, he went abroad, partly with the view of extending his commercial connexions, but principally with the intention of arranging for tiie establishment of this institution. After remaining on the continent for about two years, and sending home several artists whom he had engaged in his service, he returned to Scotland in 1753. It is melancholy to reflect that the taste of these two brothers for the fine arts at last produced their ruin ; for engaging to estab- lish an academy for the instruction of youth in painting and sculpture in Scotland, and the enormous expense necessary to send pupils to Italy, to study and copy the ancients, gradually brought on their decline' in the printing business; and they found the city of Glasgow no fit soil into which to transplant the imitative arts, although the literary genius of Greece and Rome had already produced the Messrs. Foulis ample fortunes. Notwithstanding the beginning of tnis scheme was very weak, yet in some of the departmentsit rose above mediocrity, particularly in drawing and engraving; but in moulding, modelling, and painting, they proved that tdl temporary and private attempts must be abortive for want of continual support. Human life is too short for bringing to perfection those arts which require permanent establishments to pre- vent their decline. This is particularly the case with painters, to whose stuaies no limits can be set, but whose encouragement is, of all others, the most precarious. However, it should be remembered, to the credit of Robert Foulis, that he was the first projector of a school of the libe- ral arts in the island of Great Britain. What- ever may hereafter be construed of the motives which urged this patriotic institution, selfishness must be entirely banished out of the question; unless the pleasure that arises from endeavouring to do good to ones country may be so considered.
- George Whitefleld, one of the fonndem of the sect of
Methodists, was born at the Bell inn. Gloucester, De- cember 16, 1714, and died at Newbnry-port, in New Eng- land, North America, October 1, 1770. He was eminent as a divine and also as a theologian and controvenial writer. ' 4 T.
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