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270 A HISTORY OF CHILE battle, January, 1883. In all the South American re- publics, and in Mexico as well, questions similar to this have been brought up by the advanced parties and settled along lines of progress. There were also at this time renewed discussions of the civil marriage law, particularly as to the hardships which protestants under the existing laws encountered in marrying the beautiful Chilean ladies. As the law stood, a protestant wishing to marry a catholic woman in Chile, was obliged to execute a bond under oath, stating that the sons as well as the daughters born in wedlock should be educated in the catholic religion ; also, that he would abstain from any attempt to pre- judice the catholic belief of the sons and daughters; that in selecting masters or schools for his children, if his wife, or (in the event of her death), if the parish priest should decide that the measures he might wish to adopt would endanger the catholic faith of his chil- dren while they were under twenty-five years of age, he would desist from such measures. He was also obliged to bind himself not to name at his death a tutor or guardian for his said sons and daughters who was not a catholic. The lady on her part was required to give two hundred dollars to the hospital for fallen women, as though she were counted as one with them and scarcely less in disgrace. She must also promise under oath to educate the children in the catholic faith, and to convert, if possible, her heretical consort. It seems incredible that there should have been a strong party in Chile opposed to reforms in such mat- ters as these. The trouble with the Araucanian Indians was not set- tled by Pinto. In 1877, an uprising had been feared and troops were again sent to the frontier. Brigands,