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446 A HISTORY OF CHILE in one or more provinces invaded or threatened, in case of foreign war. 8th. The Council of State has the right to move for the dismissal of the cabinet ministers, intendeutes, governors, and other delinquent, incapable, or negligent public employes. Art. 105 The President of the Republic shall propose for the consideration of the Council of State; ist. All projects of law (bills) which he shall judge proper to sub- mit to Congress. 2d. All projects of law which the Senate and Chamber of Deputies shall pass, and send to him for his approval. 3d. All matters which are required by the constitution to be heard by the Council of State. 4th. The annual estimates of expenditures to be sent to Congress. 5th. All matters in which he shall judge it necessary to hear the opinion of the Council. Art. 106 The decisions of the Council of State are simply advisory, except in the particular cases in which the constitution requires that the Presi- dent shall act with its approval. Art. 107 The Councillors of State are responsible for the decisions they render to the President, which may be contrary to the laws and with manifestly evil intention, and they may be accused and tried in the manner provided in Articles 93 to 98 inclusive. CHAPTER VIII — The administration of justice Art. 108 The power of judging civil and criminal causes belongs exclusively to the tribunals established by law. Neither Congress nor the Presi- dent of the Republic can in any case exercise judicial powers, or advocate pending causes, or revive causes already decided. Art. 109 By virtue of law alone can any change be made in the powers of the courts, or in the number of their officials. Art. no The judges of the superior tribunals and those of the courts of first instance shall hold office during good behavior. Commercial judges.