-j^K^ FRANCE. efforts, but they had no permanent result. In Languedoc Frere Jean Dumoulin, Inquisitor of Toulouse, in 1344 attacked them vigorously, but only succeeded in scattering them throughout Beam, Foix, and Aragon. In 1348 Clement YL again urged Humbert, who responded with strict orders to his officers to aid the ecclesiastical authorities with what force might be necessary, and this time we hear of twelve Waldenses brought to Embrun, and burned on the square in front of the cathedral. When Dau- phine became a possession of the crown the royal officials were equally ready to assist. Letters of October 20, 1351, from the governor, order the authorities of Briangon to give the inquisitor armed support in his operations against the heretics of the Brian- connais, but this seems to have been ineffective ; and the next year Clement YL appealed to the Dauphin Charles, and to Louis and Joanna of Naples, to aid Frere Pierre Dumont, the Inquisitor of Provence, and sunmioned prelates and magistrates to co-operate in the good work. The only recorded result of this was the pen- ancing of seven AValdenses i3y Dumont in 1353. More successful were the Christian labors of Guillaume de Bordes, Archbishop of Embrun from 1352 to 1363, surnamed the Apostle of the AValden- ses, who tried the unusual expedient of kindness and persuasion. He personally visited the mountain vaUeys, and had the satisfac- tion of winning over a number of the heretics. With his death his methods were abandoned, and Urban Y., from 1363 to 1365, was earnest in calling upon the civil power and in stimulating the zeal of the Provencal inquisitors, Freres Hugues Cardilion and Jean Eichard. The celebrated inquisitor Francois Borel now appears upon the scene. Armed expeditions were sent into the mountains Avhich had considerable success. Many of the heretics were obstinate and were burned, while others saved their Uves by abjuration. Their pitiful little properties were confiscated; one had a cow, another two cows and clothes of white cloth. In the purse of another, more wealthy, were found two florins — a booty . which scarce proved profitable, for the wood to burn him and a comrade cost sixty-two sols and six deniers. One woman named Juven who was burned possessed a vineyard. The ^ntage was gathered and the must stored in her cabin, when the wrathful neighbors fired it at night and destroyed the pr oduct.^
- Arch, de rinq. de"cte^^MD^t, XXVIL 119 sqq.).-R^iynald. aim. 1335,
