240 I'TALY. were constantly passing to and fro, elaborate arrangements being made for secreting them. Those who were in prison were kept suppUed with necessaries by their brethren at large, who never knew at what moment they might be incarcerated. From the sentences of Bernard Gui we know that until the fourteenth cen- tury was fairly advanced the Cathari of Languedoc still looked to Italy as to a haven of refuge ; that pilgrims thither had no trouble in finding their fellow-believers in Lombardy, in Tuscany, and m the kingdom of Sicily ; that when the French churches were bro- ken up those who sought to be admitted to the circle of the Per- fect, or to renew their consolamentum, resorted to Lombardy, where they could always find ministers authorized to perform the rites. When Amiel de Perles had forfeited his ordination a conference was held in which it was determined that he should be sent with an associate to " the Ancient of the Heretics," Bernard Audoyn de Montaigu, in Lombardy for reconciliation ; and on another occar sion we hear of Bernard himself visiting Toulouse on business con- nected with the propagation of the faith.^ How difficult, indeed, was the task of the inquisitor in detect- ing heresy under the mask of orthodoxy is curiously illustrated by the case of Armanno Pongilupo himself. In Ferrara heretics were numerous. Armanno's parents were both Cathari ; he was a " con- solatus and his wife a " consolatar In 1254 he was detected and imprisoned ; he confessed and abjured, and was released. From his Catharan bishop he received absolution for his oath of abjura- tion, and was received back into the sect. From this time until his death, in 1269, he was unceasingly engaged in propagating Catharan doctrines and in ministering to the wants of his less fortunate brethren in the clutches of the Inquisition, which was exceedingly active and successful. Meanwhile he preserved an ex- terior of the strictest Catholicism ; he was regular in attendance at the altar and confessional, and wholly devoted to piety and good works. He died in the odor of sanctity, was buried m the cathe- dral, and immediately he began to work miracles. He was soon reverenced as a saint. A magnificent tomb arose over his remains, an altar was erected, and, as the miraculous manifestations of his
- Muratori Antiq. Ital. XII. 513-14, 521-3, 537-8.-Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolo^
san. pp. 2, 3, 12, 13, 32, 68, 75, 76, 81, etc.
