248 ITALY. bands came to join them and a group of villages sprang up-^ Guardia Piemontese, or Borgo degli Oltremontani, Argentina, La Eocca, Yaccarizzo, and San Yincenzo in Calabria, while in Apulia there were Monteleone, Montanto, Faito, La Cella, and Matta. These were regularly visited by the " barbes,-' or missionary pas- tors, who spent their hves wandering around among the scattered churches, administering the consolations of religion and watching over the purity of the faith. The fierce persecutions conducted by Francois Borel led to further emigration on an enlarged scale, which naturally sought the Neapolitan territories as a haven of rest, until Apulia came to be regarded as the headquarters of the sect. That considerable bodies of heretics could thus establish themselves and flourish argues great negligence on the part of the Inquisition. In fact, its recognized inefficiency was shown as early as 1326, Avhen John XXII. was in pursuit of some FraticeUi who had fled to Calabria ; instead of caUing upon the inquisitors he ap- phed to King Robert and to the Duke of Calabria to capture them and hand them over to the episcopal tribunals."^ When, as the result of the Sicilian Yespers in 1282, the Island of Sicily passed into the hands of Pedro III. of Aragon, it was placed in the bitterest antagonism towards the Holy See, and no active persecution is to be looked for. In fact, in 1285, Martin lY., in ordering a crusade preached against Pedro, gives as one of the four reasons alleged in justification that heresy was multiply- ing in the island, and that inquisitors were prevented from visits ing it. It was not till 1302 that Boniface YIII. was brought to accept the accomphshed fact, and to acknowledge Frederic of Ara- gon as King of Trinacria. The Inquisition soon followed. In 1304 we find Benedict XL ordering Frederic to receive and give all due assistance to Fra Tommaso di Aversa the inquisitor, and aU other inquisitors who may be sent thither. The pope, however,
- Lombard, Jean Louis Paschal et les Martyrs cie Calabre, Geneve, 1881, pp.
2^-32.— Filippo de Boni, L'Inquisizione e i Calabro-Valdesi, Milauo, 1864, pp. 73- 77.— Perrin, Hist, des Vaudois, Liv. ii. ch. 7.-Comba, Hist, des Vaudois dltalie, 1. 128, 181-6, 190.— Rorengo, Memorie Historiche, Torino, 1649, pp. 77 sqq.— Mar- tini Append, ad Mosheim de Beghardis, p. 638. Vegezzi-Ruscalla (Rivista Contemporanea, 1862) has shown the identity of the dialects of the Calabrian Guardia and of the Val d'Angrogna, proving the reality of the emigration.
