CATHARISM TRIUMPHANT. 3O5 Ostoja, and all his family. Catholicism almost disappeared, and Catharism was the religion of the State. It was organized under a Djed (grandfather), or chief, with twelve Ucitelji, or teachers, of whom the first was the Gost, or visitor, the deputy and successor of the Djed, and the second was known as the Starac, or elder.* These were state officials, and we see them occasionally acting in an official capacity. Thus, when, in 1404, the Yojvode Paul Klesic, who had been exiled, was recalled, it was the Djed Ea- domjer who sent Catharan envoys to Eagusa to bring him home, and who wrote to the Doge of Eagusa on the subject. Klesic was a Catharan, and his residence in Eagusa, as well as that of many similar Catharan exiles, shows that persecution had grown obso- lete even on the coast of the Adriatic. In spite of his Catharism, Hrvoje Yukcic was made by Ladislas of J^aples, Duke of Spalatro and lord of some of the Dalmatian islands, thus making Catharism dominant along the shore. In the troubles which ended in the deposition of Stephen Ostoja and the election of Stephen Tvrtko II. a " Congregation of the Bosnian Lords " was held in 1404, in which, among those present, are enumerated the Djed and several of his Ucitelji, but no mention is made of any Catholic bishop. Toleration seemed to have estabhshed itself. The Great Schism gave the Holy See abundant preoccupation, and missionary efforts are no longer heard of, until the Emperor Sigismund, as King of Hungary, bethought himself of re-establishing his claim over Bos- nia. Two armies sent in 1405 were unsuccessful, but in 1407 Greo-- ory XII. aided him with a bull summoning Christendom to "a
- Klaic, pp. 184-5, 187-8, 190-5, 200-1, 223, 262, 268-77, 287, 369.-Theiner
Monument. Slavor. Merid. I. 233, 240.— Wadding, ann. 1356, No. 7- ann 1368 No. 1-3 ; ann. 1369, No. 11 ; ann. 1372, No. 31-33 ; ann. 1373, No. 17 • ann 138^' No. 2.-Raynald. ann. 1368, No. 18; ann. 1372, No. 32.-Pet. Ranzani Epit. Her. Hung. XIX. (Schwandtner Rer. Hung. Scriptt. p. 377). In 1367 we find the people of Cattaro appealing to Urban V. for aid ao-ainst the schismatics of Albania, and the heretics of Bosnia who were endeavorfno- to convert them by force (Theiner, op. cit. I. 259), which probably refers to some enterprise of the restless Sandalj Hranic. Yet when, in 1383, we hear of a Bishop of Bosnia, recently dead, who had lent 12,000 florins to Louis of Hunoary and had then bequeathed the debt to the Holy See (lb. p. S37), we can only'conclude that the orthodox Bosnian Church continued to exist and was not wholly pen- niless. ^ II.— 20
