CHILIASTS. — CALIXTINS. 5X9 tion. For this they were exposed to pitiless persecution wherever their adversaries could exercise it. One of their leading mem- bers, a cobbler of Prague, named Wenceslas, was burned in a hogshead, July 23, 1421, for refusing to rise at the elevation of the host, and soon afterwards three priests shared the same fate because they refused to light candles before the sacrament. Mar- tin Loquis himself was arrested in February of the same year, but was released at the intercession of the Taborites, and set out with a companion to seek Procopius in Moravia. At Chrudim, however, the travellers were arrested, and were burned at Hra- disch after two months of torture vainly inflicted to wean them from their errors and force them to reveal the names of their as- sociates. As a distinct sect the ChHiasts speedily disappear from view, but their members remained a portion of the Taborites, the development of whose opinions they profoundly influenced.' In the delegation sent to Basle, in 1433, Peter of Zatce, who repre- sented the Orphans, had been a Chiliast.* Thus these minor sects vanished as parties organized them- selves in a permanent form, and the Bohemian reformers are found divided into two camps— the moderates, known as Calix- tins or Utraquists, from their chief characteristic, the administra- tion of the cup to the laity, and the extremists, or Taborites. The Calixtins virtually regarded the teachings of Huss and Jacobel of Mies, as a finahty. When, after the death of Wen- ceslas, the necessity of some definite declaration of principles was felt, the University of Prague, on August 1, 1420, adopted, with but one dissenting voice, four articles which became for more than a century the distinguishing platform of their sect. As con- cisely enunciated by the University they appeared simple enoucrh • I. Free preaching of the Word of God ; II. Communion in both elements for the laity; III. The clergy to be deprived of aU do- mmion over temporal possessions, and to be reduced to the evan- gehcal Ufe of Christ and the apostles; lY. AU offences against divme law to be punished without exception of person or condi-
- Laur. Byzyn. Diar. Bell. Hussit. (Ludewig VI. 202-7).-Palacky Bezie-
hungen, p. 31.-J. Goll, Quellen u. Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Bohm- ischen Bruder, Prag, 1882, II. 10-11, 57-60.-Hist. Persecut. Eccles. Bohem. pp. 4h-8.— Palacky, Praef. in Moti. Cone. Gen. Ssec. XV. p. xx.
