108 GUGL1ELMA AND DOLCINO. and subjected to various punishments, until Parma congratulated itself that the heresy was fairly stamped out.* Persecution, as usual, had the immediate effect of scattering the heretics, of confirming them in the faith, and of developing the heresv into a more decided antagonism towards the Church. Segarelli's disciples were not all ignorant peasants. In Tuscany a Franciscan of high reputation for sanctity and learning was in secret an active missionary, and endeavored even to win over Ubertino da Casale. Ubertino led him on and then betrayed him, and when we are told that he was forced to reveal his followers, we may as- sume that he was subjected to the customary inquisitorial proc- esses. This points to relationship between the Apostles and the disaffected Franciscans, and the indication is strengthened bv the anxiety of the Spirituals to disclaim all connection. The Apostles were deeply tinged with Joachitism, and the Spirituals endeavor to hide the fact bv attributing- their errors to Joachim's detested heretic imitator, the forgotten Amaury. The Conventuals, in fact, did not omit this damaging method of attack, and in the contest before Clement V. the Spirituals were obliged to disavow all con- nection with Dolcinism.f TTe know nothing of any peculiar tenets taught by Segarelli. From his character it is not likelv that he indulged in anv recondite speculations, while the toleration which he enjoyed until near the end of his career probably prevented him from formulating any revolutionary doctrines. To wear the habit of the association, to live in absolute poverty, without labor and depending on daily charity, to take no thought of the morrow, to wander without a home, calling upon the people to repent, to preserve the strictest chastity, was the sum of his teaching, so far as we know, and this remained to the last the exterior observance of the Apostles. It was rigidly enforced. Even the austerity of the Franciscans al- lowed the friar two gowns, as a concession to health and comfort, but the Apostle could have but one, and if he desired it washed he
- Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 158.— Chron. Parmens. aim. 1294 (Muratori S. R. I. IX.
82G). — Hist. Tribulat. (Archiv fur Litt.- u. Kirchengeschicbte, 1886, p. 130).— Addit. ad Hist. Prat Dulcini (Muratori IX. 450). t Hist. Tribulat. (ubi sup.).— Ubertiui Responsio (Archiv f. L. u. K. 1887, p. 51).
