INSUBORDINATION IN PROVENCE. 65 beatified by the Church, which through the period of two genera- tions had never ceased to trample on him, but his little congrega- tion, though lost to sight in the more aggressive energy of the Fraticelli, continued to exist, even after the tradition of self-abne- gation was taken up under more fortunate auspices by the Obser- vantines, until it was finally absorbed into the latter in the re- organization of 1517 under Leo X.* In Provence, even before the death of Clement V., there were ardent spirits, nursing the reveries of the Everlasting Gospel, who were not satisfied with the victory won at the Council of Yienne. When, in 1311, the Conventuals assailed the memory of Olivi, one of their accusations was that he had given rise to sects who claimed that his doctrine was revealed by Christ, that it was of equal authority with the gospel, that since Nicholas III. the papal supremacy had been transferred to them, and they consequently had elected a pope of their own. This Ubertino did not deny, but only argued that he knew nothing of it ; that if it were true Olivi was not responsible, as it was wholly opposed to his teaching, of which not a word could be cited in support of such insanity. Yet, undoubtedly there were sectaries calling themselves disciples of Olivi among whom the revolutionary leaven was working, and they could recognize no virtue or authority in the carnal and worldly Church. In 1313 we hear of a Frere Raymond Jean, who, in a public sermon at Montreal, prophesied that they would suffer persecution for the faith, and when, after the sermon, he was asked what he meant, boldly replied in the presence of several persons, " The enemies of the faith are among ourselves. The Church which governs us is symbolled by the Great Whore of the Apocalypse, who persecutes the poor and the ministers of Christ. You see we do not dare to walk openly before our brethren." He added that the only true pope was Celestin, who had been elected in Sicily, and his organization was the only true Church.f Thus the Spirituals were by ho means a united body. When
- Franz Ehrle (Archiv f. L. u. K. 1885, pp. 534-9, 553-5, 558-9, 561, 563-4,
566-9 ; 1887, p. 406).— S. Francisci Prophet, xiv. (Opp. Ed. 1849, pp. 270-1).— Chron. Glassberger ann. 1502, 1506, 1517. f Franz Ehrle (Archiv fur Litt.- u. K. 1886, pp. 371, 411).— Arch, de l'lnq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. fol. 7 sqq.). III.— 5
