the enemy to the cover of the works, and we proceeded to
examine the fortifications in order to ascertain if it was practicable to carry them by assault. They were found to be
exceedingly strong, and consisted of what appeared to be
enclosed forts for heavy artillery, with a tier of lower works
in front of each pierced for an immense number of guns, the
whole being connected by curtains with ditches in front, and
strengthened by palisades and abattis. The timber had been
felled within cannon range all around and left on the ground,
making a formidable obstacle, and every possible approach
was raked by artillery. On the right was Rock Creek,
running through a deep ravine which had been rendered
impassable by the felling of the timber on each side, and
beyond were the works on the Georgetown pike which had
been reported to be the strongest of all. On the left, as far as
the eye could reach, the works appeared to be of the same
impregnable character. The position was naturally strong
for defence, and the examination shewed, what might have
been expected, that every appliance of science and unlimited
means had been used to render the fortifications around
Washington as strong as possible. This reconnoissance consumed the balance of the day.
The rapid marching, which had broken down a number of the men who were barefooted or weakened by previous exposure, and had been left in the Valley and directed to be collected at Winchester, and the losses in killed and wounded at Harper's Ferry, Maryland Heights, and Monocacy, had reduced my infantry to about 8,000 muskets. Of those remaining, a very large number were greatly exhausted by the last two days marching, some having fallen by sunstroke, and I was satisfied, when we arrived in front of the fortifications, that not more than one third of my force could have been carried into action. I had about forty pieces of field artillery, of which the largest were 12 pounder Napoleons, besides a few pieces of horse artillery with the cavalry. McCausland reported the works on the Georgetown pike too strongly manned for him to assault. We could not move to
