422; circular note of July 3, 1900, as to intentions of United States in, 423; Rockhill, special commissioner to, 424; appoints Li Hung Chang and Prince Ching peace plenipotentiaries, 424; four important declarations by powers relating to, 425; United States desires, to punish Boxer leaders, not to surrender them to allies, 425; Anglo-German agreement in regard to, 426; French propositions, basis of peace negotiations with, 426; took no part in punitive expeditions in, 426; joint note of powers to, containing twelve demands, 427; question of punishment of Boxer leaders, in negotiations with, 428; Rockhill assumes conduct of negotiations with, on departure of Conger, 428; question of indemnity to be paid by, in peace negotiations, 429; United States favors lump sum indemnity from, 429; peace agreement signed by, and allies September 7, 1901, 430 ; provisions of peace agreement with, 430; indemnities to be paid by, 430; influence of United States in peace negotiations between powers and, 431; circular note of United States favoring "open door" policy in, 432; United States favors view of, in rate of exchange on indemnity payments, 433; place of, in world politics, 434; Wensiang and. Sir Robert Hart on latent powers of, 434; Russia, the power most feared by, 436; text of peace, agreement between powers and (September 7, 1901), 441; text of treaty on immigration between United States and (1894), 450.
China trade, conduct of America, 30; increase of, 36; congressional legislation relating to, 38; affected by war of 1812, 39; vexatious conditions of, 56; withdrawal of monopoly of East India Company over, 57; Lord Napier, chief superintendent of British, 57.
Chinese, view of foreigners, 43; assumed contempt for trade, 60; contempt of, for foreigners, 203.
Chinese emigration, in early times, 274; causes of, 274. See also Coolie Trade; Coolies.
Chinese exclusion, congressional committee favors, 287; opposed by Senator Morton, 289; bill passed by Congress favoring, vetoed by President Hayes, 293; bill passed by Congress on, vetoed by President Arthur, 299; limitation on, in treaty of 1880, as to laborers in United States, 300; provisions of treaty of 1888 relative to, 300; Scott Act relating to, 301; presidential election of 1888 and, 301; treaty of 1894 relative to, 302; increased sentiment in United States in favor of, 302; bill introduced in 57th Congress for, 302; debate upon, in 57th Congress, 303; bill for, in 57th Congress defeated, 304; change of public opinion in United States, since 1868, in regard to, 305.
Chinese immigration, to United States commences, 282; Burlingame treaty on, 282; opposition in California to, 285; Californian legislation against, unconstitutional, 286; congressional committee to investigate, 286; majority report of committee against, 287; report of committee on, 287; Morton's report favorable to, 289; bill restricting, vetoed by President, 293; treaty of 1880 relative to, 294; commission sent to China to secure restriction of, 294; treaty provision for regulation of, by United States, 295; text of treaty of United States (1894) relating to, 450. See also Chinese Emigration; Chinese Exclusion; Coolie Trade; Coolies.
Chinese-Japanese War, origin of, 332; efforts of United States to prevent, 333; United States declines to join in intervention to prevent, 334; China and Japan place interest of their subjects in other countries in hands of United States, 335; two Japanese spies at Shanghai, during, 335; Great Britain again proposes joint intervention in, 337; Japanese successes in, 337; United States declines to join powers in intervention, 337; Japan declines to accede to advice of United States to stop, 338; United States becomes medium of communication between belligerents in, looking toward peace, 339; Chinese peace commission sent to Hiroshima, during, 339; end of war, 340; Japanese dismiss the Chinese peace commission, 340; Wei-hai-wei captured by Japanese, 340; results of, 341; effect of, on interna-
