to cession of, by Hawaii to United States, 372.
Peiho, foreign ministers arrive at mouth of, 216; reception of foreign ministers by Chinese commissioner on banks of, 217; failure of conference and departure of foreign ministers from, 218; foreign ministers proceed to, 236; American, French, and British arrive at mouth of, 246; channel of, obstructed by Chinese, 246; battle of, between China and allies, 247.
Peking, Cushing directed to reach, if possible, 81; Cushing abandons idea of reaching, 87; Cushing criticised for not attempting to reach, 93; Minister Ward at, 249; Minister Ward leaves, without exchange of ratifications, 252; captured by allied forces, 254; siege of the legations in, 419.
Perry, Matthew Calbraith, 147; succeeds Aulick in command of Japan expedition, 147; banquet given, on sailing of Japan expedition, 149; seclusive policy of, in dealing with Japanese, 152; religious custom of, 154; firmness of, in dealing with Japanese, 155; ceremonious delivery of President's letter by, 156; informs Japanese he will return the following spring, 157; determines to hasten his return to Japan, 160; resolute course of, in regard to place of negotiation, 161; negotiations of, with Japanese plenipotentiaries, 162; banquets Japanese officials, 164; success of, In his mission to Japan, 166; Japanese appreciation of services of, 168; dedication of Japanese monument to, 169; disagreement with Minister Marshall, 206. See also Japan Expedition.
Peru, treatment of Chinese coolies in, 276; coolies in, petition American legation for aid, 278.
Pescadores Islands, Dutch occupy, 4; cession of, by China to Japan, 340.
Pethick, W. N., secretary of Li Hung Chang, on opium trade, 295; sketch of his life, 295.
Philippines, occupied by Spaniards (1543), 6; disposition of, at close of Spanish War, a problem, 402; perplexity of President regarding, 402; instructions of American commissioners regarding, 403; attitude of American commissioners in regard to, 404; conferences at Paris between commissioners regarding, 404; effect of President's Western trip on acquisition of, 404; reasons advanced for United States acquiring, 405; Spain cedes, to United States, 405; troubles in China closely following cession of, to United States, 407; acquisition of, makes United States an Asiatic power, 438.
Port Arthur, seizure of, by Russia, 414.
Portuguese, arrive in China, 4; outrages in China, 4; visit Japan (1542) 7; establishment at Macao, 33; imported from Azores for Hawaiian sugar plantations, 371.
Preble, The, Expedition of, to Japan, 144.
Protocol of August 12, 1898, between Spain and United States, 402; text of, 468.
Pruyn, Robert H., appointed minister to Japan, 89; refuses to leave Yedo after burning of legation, 190; retires to Yokohama at request of Japanese government, 190.
Reed, William B., succeeds Dr. Parker as minister to China, 231; political reasons for appointment of, 231; commissioned as minister instead of commissioner, 231; fails to secure interview with Commissioner Yeh, 233; resigns as minister to China and returns home, 244; opinion of, respecting Dr. Williams, 273.
Reid, Whitelaw, one of American commissioners to negotiate peace with Spain, 403.
Richardson, murder of, by Japanese, 189.
Roberts, Edmund, urges protection of American commerce in Pacific, 45; sent on mission to Siam, Muscat, and Annam, 46; treatment of, at Canton, 47; attempted negotiations of, at Annam, 48; reception of, in Siam, 49; reception of, at Muscat, 52; exchanges ratifications of Siamese treaty, 54; death and services of, at Macao, 55; furnished with letters of credence to emperor of Japan, 140, 141; presents intended for emperor of Japan carried by, 141.
Roberts, Rev. J. J., relations of, to
