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1 64 Reviews of Books ness with the South Carolina Exposition, while a half-dozen questions, among them this sectional defiance by the South, are pending. The writer of the next volume must reach back a long, long distance to gather up the threads of the bank and nullification controversies; and must extract the essence of whole sections of Professor Turner's book for the introduction to his own. So it would not be just to treat the Rise of the JVest as a monograph. If it really pretended to be such it would be exposed to severe criticism for lack of unity and proportion. Very rarely has the author failed to preserve the proportions which the subject under treatment holds to the series. Once, but perhaps only once seriously, has the author erred by straining the facts so as to connect the chapter on the Missouri Com- promise to the subtitle more closely than is due by saying in the last paragraph, here quoted in full, that " The slavery struggle derived its national significance from the West, into which expanding sections carried warring institutions " (p. 171 ; cf. pp. 149 and 186). The justification of the subtitle and of the developing thought of the book are both more discriminatingly and profoundly expressed in another line of thought. " Beginning with nationalism ", a nationalism, how- ever, in which abiding sectional dissimilarities prevent the growth of complete homogeneity, " beginning with nationalism, the period ends with sectionalism" (p. 330), a sectionalism, exemplified in the tarifif for pro- tection and the South Carolina Exposition, which is a struggle of section against section for the perpetuation of sectional peculiarities. But " one profound change, not easy to depict except by its results ", is manifest in " the formation of the self-conscious American democracy, strongest in the West and middle region, but running across all sections and tending to divide the people on the lines of social classes" (p. 9), a democracy whose typical hero is Andrew Jackson. Frederick W. Moore. The American Nation: A History. Edited by Albert Cushnell Hart. Volume 15. Jacksonian Democracy, i8>o-iS^j. By William JMacDonald. (New York and London: Harper and Brothers. 1906. Pp. xiv, 345.) The author's purpose is to show how, in the second quarter of the nineteenth century, our democracy formulated a new and definite creed of political principles, and how that creed was personified in Andrew Jackson. Professor MacDonald attempts to depict the movement as a whole rather than the unique central figure ; nevertheless that figure inevitably holds the vision. Two brief introductory chapters summarize the social and political conditions which brought Andrew Jackson to the threshold of the presi- dency in 1828. These chapters necessarily review some of the more extended studies in the volumes immediately preceding this one in the series, Turner's Rise of the Nci^' West and Babcock's Rise of American