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Minor Notices 169 more vivid the history of Europe from the period of the German In- vasions that it is gratifying to have it in a form in which it will find its way into the hands of many pupils who would not otherwise have known it. The two-volume edition should however be used wherever practicable; it remains indispensable to the teacher and is greatly to be preferred for college work. F. G. D. The appearance of the third volume of the Roles Gascons (Paris, Im- primerie Xationale, 1906, pp. cc, 792) in the Collection de Documents Incdits completes the task on which Professor Charles Bemont has been so long engaged. The work was committed to his hands in 1891, the first volume, covering the reign of Henry I., having been published in 1885 by M. Francisque Michel. In 1896 appeared a supplement to this volume by M. Bemont containing numerous additions and corrections to the texts already published, and valuable chapters on the history and administra- tion of Gascony during this period. The second volume bears the date of 1900, and contains the texts of Edward I.'s reign to 1290. Volume III. completes the reign, and opens with a long introduction rendering the same important service to the student of this period that the supple^ ment to volume I. performs for the reign of Henry III. It is divided into three chapters ; the first is descriptive of the material on which the text is based and gives an itinerary of Edward I. in France ; the second is on the administration, and includes a list of the seneschals of Gascony and of the constables of Bordeaux, with many biographical and other details and many documents; the third is on the war between England and France from 1294 to 1303, and is especially valuable. As to the beginning of the war, M. Bemont finds himself in accord with the more recent French opinion of the bad faith of Philip IV. The chapter is chiefly devoted to the make-up of the English army, which is analyzed in detail, and to the financial side of the war, and much new material is published from the accounts in the Public Record Office. An especially noticeable feature' in the editing of the texts is the careful identification of the names of persons and places, and M. Bemont"s editorial work in general is fully on the level of the best in the great collection to which these volumes belong. The Teutonic Order and Its Secularisation: A Study in the Protestant Revolt. [University of Iowa Studies in Sociology, Economics, Politics, and History, Vol. III., No. 2.] By Professor Harry Grant Plum. (Pub- lished by the University, Iowa City, Iowa, 1906, pp. 88.) This is a clear and interesting account of the organization of the Teutonic Order and its establishment in Prussia ; the government of the Order and its lands; the organization of Prussia by the Teutonic Knights; the struggle with Poland; the development of the Reformation in Prussia and the secularization of Prussia. Many of the most important primary and secondarv sources have been used and are indicated in the foot-notes and