Conditions siwrounding Settlement of Vii-^itiia S19 an individual, when it appears, is often used to represent such a group. ^ The corresponding process in Virginia is described as fol- lows in the Records of the Virginia Company : The Collony beinge thus weake and the Treasury utterly exhaust, Itt pleased divers Lords, Knights, gentlemen and Cittizens (greived to see this great Action fall to nothinge) to take the matter a new in hand and at their pryvate charges (joyninge themselvs into societies) to sett upp divers particularr Plantacions.^ From this time forward a prominent part in the work of settlement in Virginia was taken by " Captain Samuel Argall and his asso- ciates ", " Hamor and his associates ", " ]Iartin and his associates ", " the Society of Smythe's Hundred ", " the Society of Martin's Hun- dred ", " Captain John Bargrave and his associates ", " William Tracy and his associates ", " the company of John Smith of Nibley ", and a number of other groups of adventurers.^ Indeed, the agree- ment made with the Virginia Company under which the Pilgrims from Leyden sought the New World was a typical instance of these arrangements. In the fall of 1617 two representatives of this body came to London and entered into communication with the company. After long negotiations, the final grant under which the momentous voyage of the Mayflozccr was made was that to " John Pierce and his associates, their heirs and assignes ", completed February 12, 1620.^ Some lesser analogies between the settleiuent of Ireland and of Virginia are noticeable. The statute quia einptorcs was suspended for the settlers in Ulstef, and new manors and subtenancies could be created, as was true for Virginia and the other American colonies ;' there were much the same privileges of export and import for a certain period of years free of duty;" the local division called a " precinct ", not apparently in use in England, but rather widely spread in the southern colonies of America, was used in a similar technical sense in the north of Ireland. There is the same complaint of the low character of many of the colonists. A Presbyterian min- ister who came to Ulster at the beginning of the settlement says: From Scotland came many, and from England not a few; yet all of them, generally the scum of both nations, who for debt, and breaking, "^ Ibid., 161J-1614, pp. 315, 317; Commission of July, 1609; George Hill, Summary Sketch of the Great Ulster Plantation, p. 18, etc. '^ Records of the Virginia Company (1906), I. 350. ^ Ihid., 347, 404, 439, etc.; Kingsbury, Introduction to Records, p. 95 ; Brown, First Republic in America, 245, 249, 256, etc.
- Brown, 252, 262, 271, 341, 387, etc.
5 Articles concerning English and Scotch Undertakers, sect. 11 ; Lord Bel- mor», T-ro Ulster Manors, p. 66. " .4rticlcs. etc., sects. 14, 15 ; Articles between the King and the City of Lon-
