Page:American Historical Review, Volume 12.djvu/711

Minor Notices 701 of hostilities, such as the treatment of the negroes, the destruction of property, the privations and suffering of both blacks and whites, and opinions as to what was necessary to restore the South to a condition of loyalty and prosperity. The second chapter, " Plans, Theories, and Problems of Reconstruction ", gives clear contrasts of the views held on the subject by Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress, with other documents illustrating the views of Sumner, Stevens, prominent Southerners of different parties, and of Abolitionists. Chapter iii. deals with Presi- dential restoration. The next two chapters are devoted exclusively to the freedman, chapter iv. illustrating the discussion of the race and labor problems and the attempts to settle them by the so-called " Black Codes ", and chapter v. being composed of matter — and very interesting and valuable matter too — relating to the Freedmen's Bureau and the Freed- men's Bank. The sixth and last chapter deals with Congressional Re- construction. Each chapter has an introduction by the author with references to the various documents. There is also a bibliography to each chapter. The work has the limitations which are inseparable from all source-books of limited size, but it also has what many source-books have not, namely, interest. It can scarcely be called with accuracy a history, even though a documentary one, of Reconstruction, but it is a valuable contribution to the literature of the subject. J. G. DE R0ULH.C H.MILT0N. A Frontier Tozcii and Other Essays. By Henry Cabot Lodge. (Xew York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906, pp. 274.) Senator Lodge has collected into this volume a number of essays and addresses, most of which have appeared in print before. The essays may be roughly grouped as biographical, political, and historical. Of the biographical essays the one of most interest is that which is devoted to the late Senator Hoar. Although delivered as a memorial address before the Massachusetts legislature, it is not a simple eulogy of its subject, but a careful summary and characterization of the public services of the late Senator from Massachusetts. Of the political essays that upon " The Senate of the United States " is the most important. Senator Lodge is naturally not one who believes that the Senate has gained more than its rightful share in the government of our country, although, as he says, " the Senate is to-day the most powerful single chamber in any legislative body in the world" (p. 83) ; he contends that its great power is a direct result of the wise provisions inserted into the Consti- tution by its framers in 1787. The essay upon " History " is the most interesting and stimulating of the historical essays. Senator Lodge expresses a somewhat preva- lent feeling that scientific history has lost its literary character, and has become uninteresting and dull. History as a science has been de- veloped at a serious loss to history as literature, and while the author recognizes the very great service of scientific standards in historical studies, he disapproves of the too judicial attitude and strongly dissents