Page:American Historical Review, Volume 12.djvu/922

912 Reviews of Books the shifting of political parties and leaders during the decade before 1868. A similar work must be performed for each other reconstructed state before a clear understanding of Reconstruction and of present politics can be had. Some points are worthy of special mention : the author emphasizes the continuing influences of the ante-bellum rivalry of Whig and Demo- crat ; the curious fact is clearly brovtght out that some of the radical secessionist leaders not only soon wanted peace, but later strongly op- posed negro suffrage and finally became leaders of the negro party — W. W. Holden of North Carolina and F. J. Moses of South Carolina are types ; the conservatives, largely Whigs, effected secession at the last, fought the war, formed the " Johnson " governments, and later organized the Democratic party — so that in North Carolina even more than in other Southern states the present Democratic party rests on a Whig foundation. In criticism of the work little can be said. The influence of secret societies in forming the negro party was, as the author says, important,- yet this point is not developed; in discussing the number of North Carolina troops in the Confederate army (p. 35) the total enrollment is given, not the number of individuals; and since there was such a close relation between the number of negroes in a community and the_ politics of the whites in that locality, it would have been well if the author had shown more clearly the differences between the black and the white counties, especially since the geographic, social, and political sectionalism of North Carolina was more complicated than that in other Southern states. However, it is possible that in the second vol- ume these matters are to be dealt with, and the neglect of them in this volume does not prevent it from being the most useful treatment of state politics during the period. Walter L. Fleming. The Philip fine Islands, 149^-1898. Edited by Emm. Helen Blair and James A. Robertson. Vol. XXXIX., 1683-1690. Vol. XL., 1690-1691. Vol. XLI., 1691-1700. Vol. XLIL, 1670- 1700. Vol. XLIII., 167(^1700. Vol. XLIV., 1700-1736. Vol. XLV., 1736. Vol. XLVI., 1721-1739. (Cleveland: The Arthur H. Clark Company. 1906, 1907. Pp. 303, 473. 324> 3i3. 3i9. 313- 331. 376-) Volumes XXXIX.-XLIII. of this series, so far as their documents follow the strict chronological order, are occupied with the last two decades of the seventeenth century. More space in these five volumes is occupied, however, with extracts from missionary chronicles covering practically the entire second half of that century, and with appendices giving ethnological descriptions of the Filipinos in general and of the relations Of the Spaniards with the Moros, including documents coming down to the last years of Spanish rule in the Philippines.