have found it necessary to make a brief course introductory to political philosophy an element in the scheme of study to be insisted upon in preparation for sociology. A syllabus of certain fundamental material is needed as a Leitfaden even for graduates. In many respects this volume satisfies more essential requirements than I had provided for in the prospectus of my own. I shall recommend it to my students, and shall be glad to make use of the assistance which it affords.
The author's aim is to outline "a true system of political philosophy, the determination of the ultimate nature of the state, and the grounds upon which its authority may be justified." The distinction between Political Science and Political Philosophy is taken for granted, and consistently observed. The general subjects treated are, the origin of the state, under which the notable theories are reviewed and criticised, and finally a substitute for all traditional views is clearly defined; the nature of law; sovereignty; the nature of the composite state; location of sovereignty in the body politic; the aims of the state; classification of governments; present political characteristics and tendencies. In the nature of the case there is limited scope for originality in handling these subjects which have occupied the thought of first-rate minds since states existed. Nevertheless the book is much more than a review of previous opinion.
First, and if not chiefest, certainly not least in importance, the book is written in forcible and lucid English. I cannot imagine how easier work could be made for the reader without avoiding the intricacies of the subject. Difficulties in the statement of involved thought are surmounted, not evaded. The style is exceptionally free from technicalities, yet it is dignified and precise. Again the treatment impresses me as singularly well balanced. It shows no erratic nor extravagant traits. It gives no occasion for classification as radical or conservative. It is simply judicial. The author reaches distinct conclusions, but they follow careful exhibit of the progress of thought toward those conclusions. No cardinal position taken in the book seems, as it so frequently happens, merely a betrayal of ignorance that predecessors have dealt with the same subject. The author has debated his case with all comers. Once more, the book seems to be well up to date. I do not mean merely that the author's citations reach down to the day of reading the last proofs. Many a writer who has not assimilated the really significant discoveries of the last generation or two, stops the press to insert late references. Dr. Willoughby has not only considered
