230 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
(193.89), boatmen and canal men (180.75), hotel and boarding- house keepers (172. 70), and millers (169.59), and the lowest
- from this cause among stenographers and typewriters (11.93), messengers and newsboys (13.64), commercial travelers and salesmen (37.54), steam-railroad employes (42.40), and telegraph and telephone operators, etc. (45.89).
The average death rate from consumption was 249.65 per 100,000, which was exceeded in the laboring and servant class (387.31), the entertainment class (303.81), the personal-service, police, and military class (280.98), and the class engaged in manufacturing and mechanical industries (267.57). It was below the average in the class engaged in agriculture, transpor- tation, and other outdoor pursuits, in which it was lowest (168.04), the mercantile and trading class (174.27), the profes- sional class (197.81), and the clerical and official class (211.83).
The highest death rates from consumption occurred among hat and cap makers (643.07), cigar makers and tobacco workers (454.45), laborers (424.09), sailors, fishermen, and pilots (424.45), bookbinders (407.35), marble and stone cutters (398.73), soldiers, sailors, and marines, United States service (372.61), and barbers (348.20). The lowest rates from this cause occurred among bankers, brokers, and officials of com- panies (40.04), messengers and newsboys (54.57), steam-rail- road employes (110.12), collectors, auctioneers, and agents (125.48), commercial travelers and salesmen (127.89), farmers and farm laborers, etc. (133.07), and lumbermen and raftsmen (I3I-4I).
In the principal occupations the death rates from consump- tion were above the average among bakers and confectioners (291.37), boot and shoe makers (318.47), cabinetmakers and upholsterers (332.71), compositors, printers, and pressmen (343-5o) coopers (310.95), brick and stone masons (271.75), painters, glaziers, and varnishers (266.63), tailors (283.18), and accountants, bookkeepers, clerks, and copyists (274.84), and below the average among clergymen (185.10) , lawyers (173.83), physicians (181.36), merchants (187.54), blacksmiths (230.66),
