326 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
(just as we have seen that scholarly pursuits attract) in the north, the dolicho-blond rather than the brachycephalic, in the south, the brachycephalic rather than the Mediterranean. The justification of this interpretation of the, matter appears more clearly from an examination of the results reached by Oloriz in Spain, a country which has a rather homogeneous population composed mainly of the Mediterranean type.
Arranging the provinces in simple alphabetical order, the Spanish anthropologist makes it appear that the urban popula- tions are sometimes more long-headed, sometimes more round- headed than the surrounding rural populations. 1 By rearranging the provinces, however, in accordance with the index of their respective rural populations, we find that the urban residents are more dolichocephalic than the rural people in brachycephalic provinces, but more brachycephalic in the dolichocephalic prov- inces. Now, the more brachycephalic provinces are those into which there has been a migration of Aryan peoples. 2 In these provinces it is the dolicho-Aryan element which has concen- trated in the cities, leaving to the more brachycephalic population the cultivation of the farms. Hence in these regions we find the urban populations showing the lower average index. In the prov- inces, on the other hand, which are mainly composed of the doli- cho-Mediterranean race, with a sprinkling of brachycephalics, the movement to the cities has drawn rather upon this comparatively
1 See the table on page 47 of Oloriz's works.
- " A very significant fact is the higher average index in the provinces of Spain
which have received an Aryan immigration : Galicia, Toledo, and Andalusia. The more brachycephalic character of these provinces needs an explanation, since (as ap- pears from a comparison of the Britons and Scandinavians with the Spanish and South Italians) the index of the pure Aryans is about the same as that of the Mediterra- neans. The explanation probably is that the warlike Aryans and eLpecially Germans, when they migrated into Spain carried in their train a number of round-headed cap- tives ; and that these latter multiplying more rapidly than the dominant race, and less subject to decimation by war, have become a considerable factor in the population of the provinces in question. In a word, the average index is higher in the old Aryan provinces than in the Mediterranean because of the presence in the former of the descendants of the brachycephalic captives whom the Aryans brought with them." OTTO AMMON.
