TRADES UNIONS AND PUBLIC DUTY 455
career he is far from possessing that plentitude of power with which the popular mind has clothed him.
In spite of all these facts, the community continues to dog- matize concerning the dictatorial action of the walking delegate, whose every executive act has been authorized by his constitu- ency. An ignorant person might easily consider a peace com- missioner sent by the United States to Paris as a raging dictator. That is quite possible if one looks at his outside acts alone, but we are accustomed to consider a minister plenipotentiary in relation to government, and do not misunderstand his power, but we are slower to realize that it is only as a commissioner that the business agent of the union orders strikes and arranges terms of settlement.
3. We condemn the boycott, and say that the trades unions are bigoted in their allegiance to each other, and harsh to those outside their membership. Within a few years circles of women in several great cities have formed themselves into a "consumers' league," because they have become uncomfortable concerning the conditions under which clothing is manufactured and sold. The members of these little circles, because of a stir- ring of conscience in regard to social wrongs, exert themselves to buy goods only from houses which conform to a certain required standard of sanitation, wages, and hours of work. They are willing to submit to a certain inconvenience and to a pos- sible loss of opportunity for "bargains." They naturally regard themselves as an advance guard, and if given to self-congratula- tion would perhaps claim that they were recognizing a social duty which the community as a whole ignores.
The members of these consumers' leagues are beginning to hold conventions to discuss the propriety of a label which shall mean that those houses to which it is given provide seats for their saleswomen, summer vacations, and so on. All this is a valuable effort in the right direction, but it has already been initiated and sustained for many years by trades unions. So early as 1885, in New York a blue label was put upon cigars made by union men, and loyal trade-unionists were supposed to smoke no others. The label claimed to guarantee not only the
