648 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
is of especial value in advancing criminal anthropological studies. In many universities the scientific study of crime is being conducted in connection with psychological and sociological courses.
At the last meeting of the International Congress of Demography, held in Budapest in 1894, the study of crime was considered in rela- tion to movements and development of populations. All discussions from a biological point of view were laid aside, the sociological receiv- ing the attention of the congress.
The International Prison Association,' which held its last congress in Paris in 1895, is one of the most influential organizations in the development and dissemination of criminal anthropological ideas and aims. This association is of American origin, being due to the efforts of the late Dr. E. C. Wines. Five congresses have been held — at Lon- don, Stockholm, Rome, St. Petersburg, and Paris ; and at each of these criminal law has received no small amount of consideration and discus- sion. The work of this association is valuable, because its members are largely engaged in the practical application of law, and in the direct management of the criminal. Its reports are particularly full and reliable, but are to be found only in French.
In America, among the numerous organizations may be mentioned some whose work is especially valuable. The National Prison Asso- ciation,' which meets annually, gives its entire sessions to a considera- tion of crime, legislation, and prison management. The Medico-Legal Society, which is making strenuous efforts to bring medicine and law into a closer harmony, is a strong organization, and by its publications and meetings is doing much to extend the knowledge of criminal anthropology in the United States. The American Association of Social Science, in its publications and discussions, has given especial attention to the subject under discussion, and its papers are among the most valuable printed in English. The American Statistical Asso- ciation has contributed some valuable papers in anthropometry and
criminal statistics.
Frances Alice Kellor. The University of Chicago.
' See International Prison Association Reports. ' See National Prison Association Reports.
