5 56 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
Were it proposed to show that the individual and universal develop together, as a polar differentiation, out of a " primary, concrete experi- ence," it would certainly be more nearly in line with what one is led to expect up to this point in the lectures. On their face this and other similar passages look like the old isolated individualism of Hobbes. To be sure, farther on we find this : " Once again I say the subject of universal experience is not numerically distinct from the subject of individual experience ; " and many affirmations of their " organic unity " are to be found. But this " oneness " and " organic unity " appears to exist after the universal has developed out of the individual, the indi- vidual having been prior to and apparently independent of the uni- versal. No better refutation of such a conception of the individual as this involves could be found than many passages from the lectures themselves. But this only makes the discrepancy the more puzzling.
There appears to be plenty of room, too, for the development of further questions concerning the relation of " the four terms of experi- ence ; " e. g., the relation of the universal subject to the individual object, and of the individual subjects to each other and as an "aggregate" to the universal subject. To say nothing of such questions as the rela- tion of the universal subject to "sentience," etc. Such questions, however, reveal the merit rather than a demerit of the lectures. Every- where they bristle with suggestions. Indeed, frequently the lecturer himself is drawn aside by " suggestions," often enough and far enough to endanger the unity of the lecture. The whole line of discussion running through both volumes, showing the necessity for a closer union between the natural and the philosophical sciences, by pointing out in detail how each breaks down going it alone, is both timely and mas- terly. Throughout the lectures the influence of Lotze is apparent, and is freely acknowledged. On the whole, Mr. Ward's lectures are likely to be regarded as the most important philosophical contribution since Mr. Bradley's Appearance and Reality. And, owing to its more popular style, its larger use of scientific and sociological material, and its con- fessed theological interest, it is certain to have a much wider circle of readers than did Mr. Bradley's book. Addison W. Moore.
Tropical Colonization. By AUeyne Ireland. The Macmillan Co., 1899. Pp. xii + 282.
Mr. Ireland has lived a number of years in tropical countries, and has made a close study of institutions. His collection of books and
