A SOCIOLOGICAL VIEIV OF SOVEREIGNTY 825
motives from capricious control and gives security and right to the subordinate members of the institution. The persuasive motives thus freed are greatly strengthened and intensified. Security for investors and minority stockholders stimulates the savings of the masses of the people, .increases their thrift, lowers the rates of interest, multiplies the machinery and production of society. The position of laborers is removed from the personal control of those over whom they have, in turn, no control ; the amount and kind of their work becomes defined and calculable ; each laborer acquires increased scope of self-direction, and his productive powers are called out, not by the fear of deprivation, but by the remuneratory and approbatory sanctions upon which his employ- ers are thenceforth compelled to rely. Useful labor, thus freed from the badge of subjection, becomes a motive in itself, and the industrial institution, like other institutions, is established on its own clarified, persuasive basis, the love of work.
John R. Commons. Syracuse University.
[To he continited.]
