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CALDWELL 191 CALHOUN He graduated at the University of Kansas in 1892, with the degree of B. S. In 1905 he received his M. D. at the University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, N. Y., sub- sequently being a special student of the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, 1898-99. He married Elizabeth Perkins in 1913. Dr. Caldwell spent the rest of his hfe, after graduating in medicine, in New York, where he was always interested in electrical work. He was engaged in experiments in wireless telephony for the United States Lighthouse Establishment, 1893-95; assistant in the engi- neering department of the New York Tele- phone Co., 1895-97; after this he de- voted all his time to experimental work with Roentgen-rays and their practical work iu diagnosis. He invented the Caldwell Liquid Interrupter, tubes for therapeutic uses, and many other appliances used with the Roentgen- rays. He was a real inspiration to his co-workers at the New York Orthopedic Hospital and the Neurological Institute where he was on the staff as physician and roentgenologist. Other appointments he had were : Physician to the roentgen department, Presbyterian Hos- pital; director of the Edward N. Gibbs Memorial X-ray laboratory, Bellevue Medical College. His appointment as major in the army came after some years as lieutenant in the M. R. C. and he was keenly interested in the X-ray treatment for the wounded soldiers, when he himself was bidden by death to lay down his arms and leave others to carry on the war against disease. Dr. Caldwell was a member of the Roentgen Society, London; American Roentgen-Ray Society ; New York Academy of Medicine, and New York Electric Society. He wrote "The Roentgen Rays in Thera- peutics and Diagnosis" (with William A. Pusey), 1903. Who's Who in America, 1916-17, ix, 376-7. New York Med. Jour., vol. cvii, 1232. Jour. Amer. Med. Asso., 1918, Ixx, 2046. Caldwell, Frank Hawkins (1857-1906) Frank Hawkins Caldwell was born in Rome, Georgia, August 25, 1857, at the Rome Female College, of which his father was president. He came of clerical ancestry, for J. M. Cald- well, his father, was a native of North Caro- lina where his ancestors for three generations had been Presbyterian ministers and for four generations preceding had been ministers in Scotland and Ireland. His mother was C. E. Sivy (Sibby) of Wolfboro, New Hampshire, a daughter of David Thurston Sivy (Sibby), M. D. During Dr. Caldwell's early childhood his parents were forced by the Civil War to remove to North Carolina, from which they did not return until 1871. Young Caldwell went to the University of Georgia at Athens. He studied medicine under Dr. J. B. Holmes, in 1878 matriculating at Jei^erson Medical Col- lege, Philadelphia, and graduating there in 1880. On December 29, 1880, he married Nellie G. Word, only daughter of Dr. T. J. Word, of Rome. In March, 1882, he was appointed chief surgeon of the Florida Southern, a divi- sion of the "Plant System." He introduced what is known as the "hospital system" which was developed under his management to a high degree of efficiency. He was made chief surgeon of the entire group of railways and under his wise direction, what is known as the Hospital and Relief Department, was inaugurated. This not only provided medical and surgical attention in well-equipped hos- pitals for employes and their families but also life insurance and an endowment fund for sick and injured. In 1898 his office was removed to Waycross, Georgia, where a great central hospital was erected as a center of a system of hospitals in Georgia, Florida and Alabama, covering all the lines of associated railways. In October, 1899, after sixteen years, he re- signed his position with the Plant System and soon removed to Tampa, Florida, where, after five laborious years of hospital and private practice, he died in the early days of 1906. He was a very active member of the Georgia State Medical Association, the New York Medico-legal Association, and president of the Florida State Medical Association. During the great yellow fever epidemic at Jacksonville he volunteered his services and was assigned charge of St. Luke's Hospital and, owing to recognized executive ability, he was called to the head of the relief work of the entire city. Dr. Caldwell was a man of fine personal appearance, cultured and genial. His first wife died soon after his removal to Tampa. After some years he remarried, July 12, 1904; this time Mary Spencer, who survived him with one son, John Word. Francis C. Caldwell. Calhoun, Abner Wellborn (1846-1910) Abner Wellborn Calhoun was born in Newnan, Coweta County, Georgia, April 16, 1846. His father was Dr. Andrew B. Calhoun, of Newnan, and his mother Susan Wellborn.