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146 Architecture in Great Britain. indeed in Europe, is the roof over Westminster Hall. Both these are technically called hammer-beam roofs. The roof over Crosby Hall, London, is another good example. The fire-places and chimneys of Tudor buildings were often en- riched with beautiful carving and sculpture. The chimneys towered to a considerable height above the roofs, and were grouped in such a manner as to form an important and picturesque feature of Tudor mansions. Foreign artists were constantly employed during the reign of Henry VIII., and to their influence is due the introduction of many Italian decorative details in domestic architecture. Girolamo da Treviso and Holbein were the most celebrated. They largely employed the moulded brickwork and terra cotta, at that time in vogue on the Continent. 4. — The Transitional Style. The period of the transition from Gothic to Renaissance is commonly divided into the Elizabethan and Jacobean styles. It began in the latter part of the reign of Henry VIII., and lasted under various phases until the reign of Queen Anne, in the early part of the eighteenth century. A few years before the death of Henry VIII., John of Padua, an Italian architect of note, arrived in England. His appointment to the office of " Deviser of His Majesty's buildings," in 1544, was the immediate occasion of the introduction of the Italian Renaissance style into England. With the name of John of Padua must be associated that of Theodore Kave or Kavenius of Cleves. The chief work of John of Padua was the Palace of Longleat in Wiltshire, built between 1567 and 1579; and that of Theodore Kave, Caius College, Cambridge, erected between