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In Castile. 485 and most of his heads express agonised despair or hope- less resignation. Alonso Sanchez Coello (ab. 1515 — 1590) was not only the pintor de cdmara to the son of Charles V., but also one of his intimate courtiers (el privado del rey). He painted several pictures on sacred history for different altars in the Escorial ; and also the portrait of the celebrated founder of the Order of the Jesuits, Ignatius Loyola. Juan Fernandez Navarrete (1526 — 1579) — called on account of his being deaf and dumb, el Mudo — after having received instruction in the elements of painting from a monk, Fray Vicente, of the convent of La Estrella, was taken by his family to Italy, where he stayed for about twenty years. He visited Rome, Naples, Florence and Venice, and settled down near Titian, whose disciple he became. It was at the Escorial that el Mudo completed his prin- cipal work, — a series of eight large^pictures, some of which have since perished in a fire. Amongst those which were preserved may be mentioned, a Nativity, in which el Mudo undertook to vanquish a considerable difficulty : he in- troduced three different lights into picture; one which proceeds from the Holy Child, another which descends from the Glory and extends over the whole picture, and a third from a torch held by S. Joseph. He has been called the "Spanish Titian." Domenico Theotocopuli (ab. 1548 — 1625), known in Spain as "el Greco," a Greek by parentage and perhaps by birth, was a painter, sculptor and architect, and the founder of the school of Toledo. He studied under Titian at Venice, and then settled at Toledo about 1577. He