Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/127

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tomary,’ from MidHG. gęnge, OHG. gęngi, ‘ordinary, scattered,’ orig. ‘capable of going, or rather of circulating’; a verbal adj. from the root gang (see the preceding word), formed like gäbe, angenehm, flügge.

Gans, f., ‘goose,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gans, OHG. gans, f.; a common Teut. term for ‘goose,’ unrecorded in Goth. only, in which *gans, f. (plur. *gans) may have been the form (comp. Span. ganso, adopted from it). To this correspond AS. gôs (ô from an before s), plur. gês (owing to the i mutation), f., E. goose, plur. geese; OIc. gás, f., from pre-Teut. ghans-; Du. gans; one of the few names of birds to be ascribed to a primit. Aryan origin, since it recurs in most of the languages of the Aryan group; Sans. haṅsá-s, m., haṅsî, f., ‘goose,’ ModPers. yâz, Lith. żąsìs (OSlov. gąsĭ is borrowed from Teut.), Gr. χήν, Lat. anser (for *hanser), OIr. géis, ‘swan’ (from ghansi). The s of Aryan ghans- seems to be a suffix (comp. Fuchs, Monat); at least Teut. words of cognate stem point to ghan- as the more primitive form; comp. OHG. ganaȥȥo, MidHG. ganze, genz, m., ‘gander,’ Du. gent, ‘gander,’ AS. ganot, E. gannet (‘swan’); AS. gandra, E. gander. Pliny informs us that large flocks of geese were kept in Germania, and that the birds or their feathers were sent even to Rome; one species was said to be called gantae by the Teutons; a similar term is known in Rom. (Prov. ganta, OFr. gante, ‘wild goose’), which borrowed it from Teut. To the Teut. ganta, from pre-Teut. ganda, the OIr. géd, ‘goose’ (Lith. gàndras, ‘stork’), is primit. allied.

Gänserich, m., ‘gander, wild tansy,’ ModHG. simply, formed like Enterich, from an earlier Ganser (still found in many of the UpG. dialects; in Alsat. gunšter, MidG. gánsert), MidHG. ganȥer, also ganȥe, ganze, m., ‘gander.’ Comp. LG. gante, Scand. gasse for gásse, ‘gander’; see Gans. The plant Genserich is a corruption of an earlier Grenserich; comp. Fr. bec d'oie, Ital. piè d oca. The MidHG. and OHG. term is gręnsinc (even cęnsing also in OHG.).

Gant, f., ‘auction, bankruptcy,’ an UpG. word (unknown to the Suab. dial.), from MidHG. gant, f., ‘sale to the highest bidders, auction.’ Not from Fr. gant, ‘glove.’ It is not true that “affixing a glove (in a symbolical way) has given rise to the terms Gant and Vergantung, denoting a distress on real property.” The term is more-pro-

bably derived from Prov. l'encant, ModFr. l'encan, ‘auction’ (Ital. incanto, from Lat. in quantum), whence E. cant, ‘auction.’

ganz, adj., ‘whole, complete, entire,’ from MidHG. and OHG. ganz, adj., ‘uninjured, complete, whole, healthy,’ prop. a HG. word simply, which was adopted, however, by the Teut. dialects of MidEurope (Dan. ganske, Du. gansch, OFris. gans; n would not have been retained before s in a native Dan. or Fris. word. The early history of OHG. ganz is obscure; if its primary meaning is ‘encircling,’ it is perhaps connected with Gr. χανδάνω, ‘to comprise’; comp. Gr. χανδός, ‘spacious’?.

gar, adj. (and adv.), ‘finished, ready, done’ (of cooked food), from MidHG. gar (inflect. garwer), adj., gare, adv., OHG. garo (infl. garawêr), adj., garo, garawo, adv., ‘made ready,’ armed, prepared, complete, entire’; corresponding to OSax. garo, AS. gearo (adv., gearwe also), E. yare, Olc. gǫrr (adv. gǫrwa), ‘ready, prepared, made’; Goth. *garwa- is wanting. The adj. was really used as a partic., the suffix wo in Ind., combines with the root pac, ‘to cook,’ forming the partic. pakvâ-s, ‘cooked, done’ (of food). Besides AS. gearo, ‘ready,’ a remarkable form, earo, is found with the same meaning, and in OSax. aru as well as gara; these forms point to Goth. *garwa and *arwa, ‘prepared, made ready.’ Hence some have identified the two classes regarding the g of *garwa- as the remnant of the verbal particle Goth. ga (HG. ge).

Garbe (1.), f., ‘sheaf,’ from the equiv. MidHG. garbe, OHG. garba, f.; Corresponding to OSax. garba, Du. garf, ‘sheaf’; lit. ‘handful, manipulum.’ Hence from the Sans. root gṛbh, ‘to lay hold of, seize,’ grâbhá, ‘handful;’ Lett. grabas, fem. plur., ‘a bundle hastily collected,’ Lith. grĕpti, ‘to seize,’ and grópti, ‘to snatch.’ In the HG. dialects grappen, grapsen, grippen, &c., are also allied to the Aryan root ghṛbh; so too Du. grabbelen, E. to grabble. The cognates found their way into Romance (Fr. gerbe, f., ‘sheaf’).

Garbe (2.), (the same is Schafgarbe, ‘milfoil’), f., ‘millefolium,’ from the equiv. MidHG. garwe, OHG. garwa, garawa, f., ‘millefolium’; corresponding to AS. gearewe, f., E. yarrow, Du. gerw, ‘millefolium.’ Whether it is related to gar (Teut. garwa-) is uncertain.

gären, vb., ‘to ferment, effervesce, bubble,’ a combination as to its form of a str. vb. MidHG. gëren; jësen; OHG. jësan,