Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/130

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Gaukler, m., ‘buffoon, juggler, impostor,’ from MidHG. goukelœre, OHG. goukalâri, gouggalâri (k from gg, see Hake), ‘magician, conjuror’; from MidHG. goukeln, OHG. goukolôn, gouggolôn, ‘to deal in magic, play the fool.’ Apparently allied to OHG. gougarôn, MidHG. gougern, ‘to roam about,’ also to MidHG. gogeln, ‘to act without restraint, flutter about,’ gogel, adj., ‘unrestrained, exuberant,’ giege, m., ‘fool, dupe’; Du. goochelaar, ‘buffoon.’ The cognates point to a Teut. root gug, geug, gaug, ‘to move here and there in a curious fashion like a clown or conjuror’?. Considering the numerous correspondences, it cannot be maintained that Gaukler was derived from Lat. joculari, or from Gr. καυκίον, ‘small dish or bowl’; both these explanations are opposed by the phonetic relations of the words; in the case of the Gr. term there is the further difficulty that we do not know how it was borrowed, and also the fact that no verb ‘to juggle’ occurs in Gr.

Gaul, m., ‘steed, nag,’ from MidHG. gûl, m., ‘boar, male animal (generally)’; only at a late period and rarely ‘nag,’ which meaning becomes prominent in the 15th cent.; for a ‘sorry jade’ runzît is used in MidHG.; Du. guil, f., ‘a mare that does not yet bear.’ The word is not known to the other dialects; its origin is obscure.

Gaumen, m., ‘palate, taste,’ from MidHG. goume, guome, OHG. goumo (giumo?), guomo, m., ‘palate, throat, jaw’; corresponding to AS. gôma, m., ‘palate,’ E. gums (probably from AS. *gumma, since, moreover, there are numerous forms in earlier ModHG. which point to an OHG. *gummo, ‘palate’); OIc. gómr, m., ‘palate’; Goth. *gaumô, *gômô, n., are wanting. Allied to Lith. gomyris, ‘palate.’ The relation of the vowels of the stem (OHG. and MidHG. ou and uo, AS. and Scand. ô) is obscure; see Bude. Some etymologists connect the word with a Teut. root gau (Gr. χαν (in χαῦνος, ‘gasping, loose,’ χάος, ‘chasm,’ for χάϝος).

Gauner, earlier Jauner, m., ‘sharper, knave,’ does not occur till the beginning of the last century; in the 15th and 16th cents. the professional swindlers at cards were called Joner, from the slang jonen, ‘to play,’ the ultimate source of which is said to be Hebr. jânâ, ‘to cheat.’

ge-, a proclitic prefix, from MidHG. ge-,

OHG. gi, ga- (an accented prefix ga- in noun compounds is very rare in OHG. and MidHG.); the prim. idea is ‘collectivity, completeness’; comp. Goth. ga-, AS. ge- (in E. i only in handiwork, handicraft, AS. hondgeweorc, hondgecrœft; comp. also E. enough, from AS. genôh, under genug). The prefix is probably allied to Lat. con-; cum; comp. gehen, glauben, gleich, Glied, &c.

gebären, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. gëbern, OHG. gibëran, vb., ‘to give birth to’; corresponding to Goth. gubaíran (also baíran), ‘to give birth to, produce,’ AS. gebëran, bëran, str. vb., ‘to give birth to,’ E. to bear; in Scand. the compounds with ga- are wanting, the simple vb. bera, ‘to give birth to’ being used. See Bahre; where proofs are given of the antiquity of the verbal stem ber, pre-Teut. bher, within the Aryan group; in Ind. the root bhṛ, bhar, may mean ‘to bear offspring’ as well as ‘to bear’ generally; comp. Lat. fertilis, from Lat. fero; in OIr. the substantives combairt and brith, corresponding to Geburt, ‘birth,’ manifest the same specialisation. See Geburt.

Gebärde, Geberde, f., ‘bearing, gesture,’ from MidHG. gebœrde, f., ‘conduct, appearance, manner,’ OHG. gibârida, f., from MidHG. gebâren, OHG. gibârên, -ôn; corresponding to AS. gebœ̂ran, ‘to conduct oneself,’ gebœ̂re, gebœ̂rn, ‘conduct’; from the root ber in Bahre, gebären.

geben, vb., ‘to give, present, render, yield,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gëben, OHG. gëban; common to Teut. in the same sense; comp. Goth. giban, AS. gifan, E. to give, Du. geren, OIc. gefa. Comp. Gabe, Gift. Akin to OIr. gabim, ‘I take,’ Lith. gabénti, ‘to bring, convey to,’ gobinti, ‘to cause to bring’?.

Gebet, n., ‘prayer,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gebët, OHG. gibët, n. (AS. and OSax. gebëd, n., ‘prayer’); allied to beten, bitten.

Gebiet, n., ‘dominion, jurisdiction, territory, sphere,’ from MidHG. gebiet, n., ‘territory, jurisdiction, order’; allied to gebieten, bieten.

Gebirge, n., from the equiv. MidHG. gebirge, OHG. gibirgi, n., ‘range (of mountains),’ a specifically HG. collective form allied to Berg.

Gebresten, n., ‘defect, infirmity, grief,’ an inf. used as a noun; from MidHG. ge-brësten. See bersten.

Gebühr, Gebür, f., ‘duty, propriety, dues, fees,’ allied to gebühren, MidHG.