Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/147

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MidHG. grinnen, ‘to gnash,’ E. to grin, to groan, (AS. grânian), also grinsen; from the OG. cognates Ital. digrignare, ‘to grin,’ is derived. The root grī̆, pre-Teut. ghrī̆, is not found elsewhere (Sans. hrî, ‘to be ashamed’?).

greis, adj., ‘grizzled, hoary, aged,’ from the equiv. MidHG. grîs, OHG. grîs (grîsil); comp. OSax. grîs, ‘hoary’; allied to Greis from MidHG. grîse, ‘old man.’ From this OG. word, unknown to the other Teut. dialects and obscure in its origin, are derived the Romance cognates, Ital. griso, grigio, Fr. gris, ‘grey’ (Ital. grigio, from Goth. *greisja-?. Comp. MidLat. griseus, ‘grey’).

grell, adj., ‘shrill, glaring, dazzling,’ from MidHG. grël(ll), ‘rough, angry,’ allied to MidHG. grëllen, ‘to cry aloud, angrily’; wanting in OHG.; comp.'AS. griellan, ‘to gnash, sound harshly.’ The root and further cognates are unknown; akin to Grille?.

Grempelmarkt, m., ‘frippery, rag-fair,’ allied to MidHG. grempeler, ‘slop-seller, retailer,’ grempen, ‘to keep a retail shop, deal in second-hand goods’; the latter is akin to Ital. comprare (with r transposed crompare), ‘to buy,’ compra, ‘purchase.’

Grensing, m., the plant Potentilla anserina (silver-weed, goose-grass, or wild tansy), from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. grensinc; akin to MidHG. grans, ‘beak.’ See Grans.

Grenze, f., ‘boundary, frontier, limit,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. gręniz, gręnize, f. (appeared in the 13th cent. in the district belonging to the Teutonic Order), which is again derived from Pol. and Russ. granica, Boh. hranice. The native word for Grenze is Warf.

Greuel, see Gräuel.

Griebe (Bav. Greube), f., from the equiv. MidHG. griebe (Bav. griube, Swiss grṻbe), OHG. griobo, griubo, m., ‘greaves’ (in OHG. also, ‘frying-pan’?); corresponding to AS. greófa, E. greaves, Swed. grefwar; g in this word scarcely represents the prefix ga-, ge-, so that the word might be connected with the root of OHG. girouben, ‘to fry.’

Griebs, n., ‘core of fruit,’ from the equiv. MidHG. grobiȥ, grübiȥ (also ‘larynx’), to which the dial. variants MidHG. grütz (gürbsi), ModHG. Gretzen, are akin. OHG. *grobaȥ and *grubiȥ are wanting; in form

they are connected with OHG. obaȥ, ‘fruit,’ with MidHG. ebiȥ, ebitz, ‘core of fruit,’ and with ModHG. Butzen, as well as Swiss böki.

Griesgram, m., ‘ill-humour, spleen,’ from MidHG. grisgram, m., ‘gnashing of teeth’; allied to MidHG. grisgramen, -grammen, ‘to gnash with the teeth, snarl,’ OHG. grisgramôn, gristgrimmôn, ‘to gnash,’ AS. gristbîtung, ‘gnashing of teeth.’ The first syllable represents grist-, but that does not make the early history of the word clearer.

Grieß, m. and n., ‘gravel, groats,’ from MidHG. grieȥ (grûȥ), m. and n., ‘grain of sand, sand, gravel’; the ModHG. sense has not yet been found in MidHG. (yet late MidHG. grieȥmël, ‘coarse ground flour’), OHG. grioȥ, m. and n., ‘sand, gravel’; corresponding to OSax. griot, AS. greôt, ‘sand,’ OIc. grjót, ‘stones.’ On the OG. meaning of these cognates are based Ital. greto, ‘stony bed of a river,’ and Fr. grès, ‘sandstone,’ grêle, ‘hail.’ The ModHG. signification is connected with the closely allied cognates of Grüße.

Griffel, m., ‘slate pencil, graving tool, stylus,’ from the equiv. MidHG. griffel, OHG. griffil, m.; related to greifen as Halter to halten?. Yet it is more probably based on a Teut. root grep, ‘to dig’; comp. Swed. urgrœpa, ‘to excavate,’ OSwed. and OIc. grôp, ‘pit,’ LG. Grüppe, ‘gutter.’

Grille, f., ‘cricket, whim, crotchet,’ from the equiv. MidHG. grille, OHG. grillo, m.; corresponding to Ital. grillo (from Gr. γρύλλος, ‘grasshopper’).

grimm, adj., ‘fierce, wrathful, furious,’ from MidHG. grim, grimme, OHG. grim, grimmi, ‘unfriendly, frightful, savage’ (to which ModHG. grimmig, MidHG. grimmec and OHG. grimmig are allied). Corresponding to OSax. and AS. grim(mm), E. grim, Du. grimmig, OIc. grimmr, Goth. *grimma-; allied to ModHG. gram, root grem (by gradation gram). —

Grimm, m., ‘fury, rage, wrath,’ from MidHG. grim (mm), m.; comp. Du. grim.

Grimmen, n., ‘ache, gripe,’ in Bauchgrimmen, from the equiv. MidHG. grimme, m.; to this the simply ModHG. Grimmdarm, ‘colon,’ is akin.

Grind, m., ‘scab, scurf, itch,’ from the equiv. MidHG. grint(d), OHG. grint, m.; allied, like Grand, to OTeut. grindan? or to Grund?.

grinsen, vb., ‘to grin, show the teeth,’ with a deriv. s from MidHG. grinnen, ‘to gnash.’ See greinen.