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m., ‘fellow, churl’; allied to MidHG. hę̂chel, f., ‘artful woman, match-maker.’ The derivation is not clear, since cognate terms in OTeut. are wanting. Hächse, see Hechse. Hacke, f., ‘heel,’ prop. a MidG. and LG. word (in UpG. Ferse); comp. Du. hak; not recorded in MidHG., but it occurs once in the transition period from OHG. to MidHG. (hachun, ‘heels’); usually derived from hacken. On account of its meaning, it is more probably related to Du. hiel, AS. hôh, ‘heel,’ hêla, f. (for *hôhila), E. heel, and the equiv. Scand. hœ̂ll, m. hacken, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. hacken, ‘to hack, hew’; OHG. *hacchôn is by chance not recorded; comp. AS. haccian (hœccean), E. to hack, OFris. tohakia, ‘to hack to pieces.’ Not found in Goth.; may we assume *hawôn, a derivative from the stem haw in hauen? The medial guttural may have been simply an insertion before w, as in queck and keck. — Hacke, f. (thus even in MidHG.), Häckerling (ModHG. only), and Hächsel are derivatives. Hader (1.), m., ‘contention, strife, brawl,’ from MidHG. hader, m., ‘quarrel, strife’; unrecorded in OHG. For this word OTeut. has most frequently a deriv. in u- (w-), signifying ‘battle,’ which appears in West Teut. only as the first part of compounds; AS. heaþo-, OHG. hadu- (Goth. *haþu-). In Scand. Hǫð is the name of a Valkyre, and Hǫðr that of a mythological king and the brother of Balder; the names are probably based upon Haþu-z, an OTeut. war-god. With these Κότυς, the name of a Thracian goddess, has been compared. The following, however, are certainly allied: — OSlov. kotora, f., ‘battle,’ Ir. cath, m., ‘battle’ (with which Kelt. Catu-rîges, proper noun, lit. ‘war-kings,’ is connected), Ind. çátru-s, ‘enemy’; perhaps too Gr. κότος, κοτέω; a deriv. in r, like Hader, is preserved in OSlov. kotora, ‘battle’; see also Haß. In G. the old form haþu became obsolete at an early period, being supplanted by Kampf and Krieg, but it was retained in OHG. as the first component in some compound proper names, such as Hadubrant; ModHG. Hedwig is OHG. Haduwîg, ‘battle strife.’ Similarly appears OHG. hilta, f., ‘battle,’ in MidHG. only in proper names, such as Hildebrandt, Brünhilt, &c. It would be very interesting to find out why the OTeut. words gave place to the later forms. |
Hader (2.), m., ‘rag, tatter, clout,’ from MidHG. hader, m., ‘patch, torn piece of stuff,’ OHG. hadara, f., ‘patch, rag’; also with a suffix l, MidHG. hadel, from which Fr. haillon is borrowed. The word does not seem to have been diffused in the Teut. group. It is not allied to Hader (1.); the two words are based on different stems. Hader, ‘patch’ (from Teut. haþrô, Aryan kátrâ), is either connected with the nasalised stem kant- in Lat. cento, Gr. κέντρων, ‘garment made of rags,’ Sans. kanthâ, f., ‘patchwork garment,’ or with Sans. çithirá, ‘loose, unbound.’ Hafen (1.), m., ‘pot,’ from MidHG. haven, m., OHG. havan, m., ‘pot’; a specifically UpG. word unknown to the other dialects. It belongs to the root haf (pre-Teut. kap), lit. ‘to comprehend, hold,’ which appears in HG. heben, and not to haben, root hab (pre-Teut. khabh). Hafen (2.), m., ‘port, haven, harbour,’ a LG. word, unknown to UpG.; it was first borrowed in ModHG.; in MidHG. hap, n., habe, habene, f., formed from the same root. Du. haven, f., late AS. hœfene, f., E. haven, and OIc. hǫfn, f., ‘harbour,’ correspond in sound to MidHG. habene, f. LG. haven, Dan. havn, Swed. hamn, are masc. — Phonetically the derivation from the root hab (khabh), ‘to have,’ or from haf, hab (kap), ‘to seize, hold, contain,’ is quite possible; in both cases the prim. sense would be ‘receptacle’; comp. Hafen (1.). This is the usual explanation; for another etymology see under Haff. Perhaps, however, OIc. hǫfn is primit. allied to the equiv. OIr. cúan (from *copno?). Hafer, see Haber. Haff, n., ‘inland sea, gulf,’ a LG. word, orig. ‘sea’ (generally), which is also the meaning of AS. hœf (plur. heafu), n., Scand. haf, n., MidLG. haf; the UpG. words, MidHG. hap, habes, n., and habe, f., which correspond in sound, also signify ‘sea,’ as well as ‘port’ (see Hafen). As we need not assume an orig. difference between the words for ‘harbour’ and ‘sea,’ and since in any case the meaning ‘harbour’ is derived from the signification ‘sea’ — the converse would be hardly possible — the usual assumption mentioned under Hafen (2.), that Hafen is lit. ‘receptacle,’ is quite problematical. Hence Hafen may probably be explained by some such word as ‘marina,’ in the sense of ‘statio marina.’ The connection of AS. hœf, ‘sea,’ as ‘heaving,’ in |
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