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the clear, cloudless sky only); comp. OIc. heiþ, ‘clear sky.’ Comp. Teut. haidra-, haida-, from pre-Teut. kaitró-, kaito-, with Sans. kêtú-s, m., ‘brightness, light, rays, flame, lamp’ (identical in form with Goth. haidus, m., ‘manner, mode,’ connected with -heit), from the root cit (kêt), ‘to shine forth, appear, see’; to this is allied a Sans. adj. citrá-s, ‘glittering, radiating, bright, glorious,’ containing a derivative r, but with a differently graded vowel in the stem. A figurative sense is specially attached to OIc. heiþr (gen. heiþar and heiþrs), m., ‘honour,’ as well as to -heit. heizen, vb., ‘to heat,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. heizen, a variant of heiȥen (comp. beizen, reizen); a nominal verb from heiȥ, stem haita-, Goth. *haitjan; comp. AS. hœ̂tan, ‘to make hot, heat’ (from hât), E. to heat. See heiß. Held, m., from the equiv. MidHG. helt (gen. hęldes), m., late OHG. hęlid, ‘hero’; corresponding to OSax. hęlith, AS. hœlep- (nom. sing., hœle), ‘man, hero,’ OIc. hǫlðr, hǫldr (from *haluþr), and halr, ‘man,’ Teut. halē̆þ-, from kalē̆t-, kalét-, may most probably be connected with Ir. calath, Bret. calet, ‘hard.’ helfen, vb., ‘to help, assist, avail, remedy,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hëlfen, OHG. hëlfan; a common Teut. vb. used in the same sense in all the dialects; comp. Goth. hilpan, OIc. hjalpa, AS. hëlpan, E. to help, Du. helpen, OSax. hëlpan. Teut. root help from pre-Teut. kelb-; a root of another Aryan dialect apparently allied in meaning curiously ends in p (kelp); comp. Lith. szèlpti, ‘to help,’ paszalpà, ‘help’ (in Sans. the root çalp does not occur). Sans. kḷp, ‘to accommodate oneself to, suit,’ is even less closely connected. hell, adj., ‘clear, bright, evident,’ from MidHG. hël (gen. hëlles), adj., ‘loud, sonorous,’ OHG. hël in gahël, unhël, missahëll; in MidHG. the meaning ‘sonorous’ was still current, but that of ‘glittering’ is found neither in OHG. nor MidHG. Comp. OHG. hëllan, MidHG. hëllen, ‘to resound’; MidHG. hal (gen. halles), m., ‘sound, resonance,’ whence ModHG. hallen; further Scand. hjal, n., ‘chattering,’ hjala, ‘to chatter’?. Comp. holen. Hellbank, Höllbank, f., ‘bench near the stove,’ allied to earlier ModHG. Helle, Hölle, f., ‘the narrow space between the stove and the wall’; the word is first recorded |
towards the end of the 15th cent., but was in existence at an earlier period. Comp. AS. heal, MidE. hal, ‘angle, corner’ (comp. OIr. cuil, ‘corner’). The ModHG. form is due to a confusion with Hölle, which, like the ModHG. Hell- ‘winkel,’ is connected with the root hel, ‘to veil, conceal.’
Hellebarte, f., from the equiv. MidHG. helmbarte, f., ‘halberd’; for the second part of the compound see Barte (1). The first component has been ascribed to two sources — to the very rare MidHG. helm, halm, ‘helve, handle,’ which would probably suit, as far as the sense is concerned, helmbarte, ‘an axe fitted with a handle’?. But since helmbarte, in such a derivation, should have halm- as the component, the phonetic relation of the words is in favour of the derivation from hëlm, m., hence hëlmbarte, ‘an axe for cleaving the helmet.’ From G. the Rom. words (Fr. hallebarde) are derived. Heller, m., from the equiv. MidHG. heller, haller, m., ‘a copper coin worth about 117d.’; according to the ordinary supposition, “it was so called from the imperial town of Schwäbisch-Hall, where it was first coined.” The OHG. term halling, ‘obolus,’ which apparently contradicts this, is perhaps rightly regarded as identical with MidHG. hęlblinc, m. ‘a fourth of a farthing.’ helligen, behelligen, vb., ‘to importunate,’ from MidHG. hęlligen, ‘to weary by pursuit, tease, torment’; a nominal verb from MidHG. hęllic, adj., ‘wearied, exhausted,’ ModHG. hellig, ‘wearied.’ The origin of the adj. is obscure. Helm (1.), m., ‘helmet,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. hëlm, m.; the same in OSax., OFris., and AS. (AS. hëlm, ‘helmet, protector,’ E. helm), OIc. hjalmr, Goth. hilms, ‘helmet’; a common Teut. str. noun, helma-, ‘helmet,’ from pre-Teut. kelmo-. Comp. OInd. çárman-, n., ‘protection’ (comp. the AS. meaning), with which the root kel in ModHG. hehlen, hüllen, is connected. Lith. szálmas, ‘helmet,’ and OSlov. šlěmŭ, ‘helmet,’ were borrowed at an early period from Teut.; so too the Rom. class — Ital. elmo (Fr. heaume), ‘helmet.’ Helm (2.), m. ‘tiller,’ ModHG. simply, from LG., whence a number of nautical terms found their way into HG. (see Boot, Kahn, Barke, Flagge, Spriet); comp. Du. helmstock, ‘tiller.’ E. helm, AS. helma, ‘rudder,’ Scand. hjálm, f., ‘tiller.’ In this case, as in most of the other nautical expressions, |
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