Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/168

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hearra it found is way at a very early period (about the 9th cent.) from the German lowlands to England, and later to Scandinavia (ModSwed. herre, ‘master’). In ModHG. only a fem. Herrin has been formed from Herr (as in Ital. signora from signore). The older language used Frau, Herr having supplanted the earlier frô (see under frohn).

herrlich, adj. (with shortened ê before a double consonant, as in the two following words, probably due to its association with Herr), ‘lordly, splendid, magnificent,’ from MidHG. and OHG. hêrlich, adj., ‘distinguished, excellent, magnificent.’ Allied to hehr.

Herrschaft, f., ‘lordship, dominion, master and mistress, employers (as used by servants),’ from MidHG. hêrschaft, f., OHG. hêrscaft, hêrscaf, f., lit. ‘lordship,’ then ‘high rank, manor, magistracy.’ Allied to Herr, but probably not to hehr.

herrschen, vb., from MidHG. hersen, hêrsen, OHG. hêrisôn, ‘to rule, reign,’ but also hêrrisôn even in OHG., from its association with hêrro, ‘lord’ (for ModHG. sch after r from an older s, comp. Hirsch, Kirsche). The origin of the meaning ‘to rule’ cannot be explained from the posit. hehr, OHG. hêr, ‘august, exalted, venerable, glad,’ but from the originally compar. hêrro, ‘lord.’ Thus OHG. hêrisôn, ‘to be lord and master, dominari,’ is related to hêrro, hêriro, ‘lord,’ as Goth. *hairiza (compar.) is to *hairisôn, vb.

Herz, n., ‘heart,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hërze, OHG. hërza, n.; comp. OSax. hęrta, OIc. hjarta, Goth. haírtô, AS. heorte, and the equiv. E. heart; the common Teut. word for ‘heart,’ which may be traced back even to West Aryan. The Teut. type hertôn-, from Aryan kerd (kṛd), corresponds to Lat. cor, cor-dis, n., Gr. καρδία and κῇρ for *κῆρδ, n., Lith. szirdìs, f., OSlov. srŭdĭce, n., OIr. cride. The corresponding East Aryan word for ‘heart’ (Sans. hṛd, hṛdaya, Zend zaredaya), is usually dissociated on account of the initial sound (we should have expected Sans. *çṛd) from the West Aryan class.

Herzog, m., ‘duke,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hęrzoge, OHG. hęrizogo (-zoho), m.; comp. OSax. hęritogo, AS. hęretoga, m., OIc. hertoge, m.; a common Teut. term for ‘the leader of an army,’ in which zoho, zogo, allied to ziohan (as togo to tiuhan), has the old meaning ‘leader.’ Comp. ziehen.

hetzen, vb. ‘to infuriate, provoke, chase, hunt,’ from MidHG. and OHG. hętzen, ‘to chase, hunt, incite’; by permutation from *hatjan; comp. Haß. The subst. Hetze, f., is merely a ModHG. formation from the vb.

Heu, n., ‘hay,’ from MidHG. höu, hou, houwe, n., ‘hay, grass,’ OHG. hęwi, houwi (prop. nom. hęwi, gen. houwes, dat. houwe), n., ‘hay.’ Comp. Goth. hawi (gen. haujis), n., ‘hay, grass’ (with regard to the change of Goth. j into OHG. w and the consequent absence of mutation, see Frau, Au, Gau, &c.; in earlier ModHG. the unmutated form Hau is still retained); OSax. houwi, AS. hêg, hîg (with g for Goth. j as usual), n., MidE. hei, E. hay, OIc. hey, n., ‘hay’; common Teut. hauja- (in the Goth. stem). Apparently from the root hau (see hauen), with the suffix -ja-, Heu, meaning ‘that which is to be cut.’ There is less probability of its being connected with Gr. πόα (Ion. ποίην), ‘grass,’ from ποβίη, κβοξίη (Teut. h equal to Gr. τ for κε, both from Aryan k, as in ἵππος, equal to Lat. equus, Gr. ἕκεσθαι, equal to Lat. sequi).

heucheln, vb., ‘to feign, dissemble,’ ModHG. only, prop. a MidG. word (the corresponding UpG. word is gleißnen), allied to an early ModHG. hanchen, ‘to duck, stoop,’ from MidHG. hûchen, ‘to crouch’; comp. the further cognates under hocken. The variation of meaning ‘to stoop, dissemble,’ is exhibited in an OTeut. root lut, AS. lûtan, ‘to bend, bow,’ to which lot, ‘deceit,’ and Goth. liuta, ‘hypocrite,’ are allied.

heuer, adv., from the equiv. MidHG. hiure, OHG. hiuru, adv., ‘in this year’; derived from hiu jâru (see Jahr), the chief accent being placed on the pron. Respecting hiu see heute, in which the component parts are equally obscure.

heulen, vb., ‘to howl, yell, scream,’ from MidHG. hiulen, hiuweln, ‘to howl, cry, OHG. hiuwilôn, hiwilôn, ‘to shout for joy.’ Also allied to OHG. hûwila, hiuwila, MidHG. hiuwel, f., ‘owl’ (as ‘the howling bird’), and hence more remotely to OHG. hûwo, m., ‘owl.’

Heuschrecke, f., from the equiv. MidHG. höuschrëcke, m., OHG. hęwi-skrëkko, m., ‘grasshopper,’ lit. ‘hay-jumper’ (see Schrecken). A distinctly G. term; comp. Du. sprinkhaan, AS. gœrs-hoppa, equiv. to E. grasshopper, AS. also gœrs-stapa, ‘grass-stalker.’ In Goth. occurs an obscure term þramstei, f. (whence OSlov. chrąstŭ, ‘beetle’).