Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/192

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ikîdi), MidHG. kîde, ModHG. dial. Keide, ‘shoot.’ OSax. and OHG. kînan, ‘to germinate,’ has a pres. affix n of the root kî; the identical AS. cînan, ‘to spring up, burst, burst to pieces, germinate,’ and the corresponding AS. subst. činu, MidE. chine, ‘rift, crack,’ prove that the meaning ‘to germinate’ originated in the actual perception of budding.

kein, num. adj., ‘no, none,’ from MidHG. kein, shortened from dechein, OHG. dihhein, also OHG. dohh-ein, nihhein, nohhein, all of which are compounded with ein. The meaning of OHG. and MidHG. dech is obscure.

Kelch, m., ‘chalice, cup,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kęlch, OHG. chęlih, kęlih (hh), m.; corresponding to OSax. kęlik; from Lat. călicem (calix), borrowed at a time when the word was pronounced kalìkem (comp. Keller); the suggestion that Kelch was first adopted from Ecclesiast. Lat. on the introduction of Christianity, is refuted by the changes made in Lat. crucem, ‘Kreuz’ (‘cross’), which was certainly not borrowed before this time; the G. z for Lat. c before e points to a far later period than the derivation of Kelch from calicem. There is greater probability in the assumption that the term was imported with the southern culture of the vine; comp. Keller, Wein, and Becher. In E. and Scand. the Lat. a is retained; AS. calič, cœlič, and Scand. kalkr; comp. OIr. calich. In almost every language the word is restricted to ecclesiastical uses; comp. Fr. calice. —

Klütenkelch, ‘calyx,’ ModHG. is due to a confusion by scientists of Kelch (Lat. calix), with Gr. κἀλυξ, ‘calyx.’

Kelle, f., ‘ladle, scoop, trowel,’ from MidHG. and MidLG. kęlle, f., ‘ladle, trowel,’ OHG. chęlla, f., ‘trowel’; Goth. *kaljô, f., is wanting. Although there are a few points of contact between HG. Kelle and AS. cylle, cille, f., ‘leather bottle or bag, vessel,’ the AS. word is based upon Lat. culleus, ‘leather bag,’ or, as is more probable, a genuine Teut. word has been confused with a borrowed term in AS.

Keller, m., ‘cellar,’ from the equiv. MidHG. këller, m., OHG. chëllâri, m.; corresponding to OSax. kellere, m.; Scand. kjallare, m.; a Teut. loan-word which probably passed from the South through Up. Germany to the North; in England only the word did not obtain in the older period; E. cellar originated in the OFr.

celier. The word was borrowed from late Lat. cellarium (with a change of gender and accent) in the pre-OHG. period, since the terms borrowed from Lat. in OHG. change Lat. c before open vowels into z (tz); comp. Kreuz. Keller may have been introduced into Germany from the South at the same time as Kelch (which see), perhaps with the culture of the vine; yet the word signifies generally ‘subterranean storeroom.’ —

Kellner, m., ‘waiter,’ from MidHG. këlnœre, m., ‘butler,’ from MidLat. cellenarius, with the equiv. variant këllœre, m., from Lat. cellarius, m., ‘steward, butler.’ —

Kellnerin, ‘barmaid,’ MidHG. këlnœrinne, këllœrinne, f., ‘maid, servant, housekeeper.’

Kelter, f. and m., ‘wine or oil press,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kęlter, kalter, m. and f. OHG. calcatûra, calctûra (also calctûrhûs, MidHG. kalterhûs); borrowed, on the introduction of the southern culture of the vine (see Wein, Becher, Kelch, and Keller), from Lat. calcatura, ‘wine-press’ (calcatorium), derived from calcare, ‘to tread.’ Hence Kelter orig. means ‘treading press.’ For the genuine UpG. for Kelter see under Trotte and Torkel (in Du. pers, AS. presse, from Lat. pressa). Kelter is MidG., and is found from the Moselle to the Saale. Corresponding to OLorraine chaucheur, from Lat. calcatorium.

Kemenate, f., from the equiv. MidHG. kęmenâte, f., ‘room with a fireplace,’ espec. ‘bedroom,’ also ‘sitting-room, women's apartment.’ During the OHG. period MidLat. caminâta, ‘room with a stove or fireplace,’ was introduced into G., as is proved by the preservation of the Lat. sharp dental in OHG. chęminâta, f. From MidLat. caminata, which is recorded as early as the 6th cent., are derived Ital. camminata, ‘large room,’ and Fr. cheminée, whence the equiv. E. chimney, also Czech, Pol. and Russ. komnata, ‘room’; comp. Kamin.

kennen, vb., ‘to know, be acquainted with,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kęnnen, OHG. chęnnen. The simple form was very little used in MidHG. and OHG., the usual words being the compounds OHG. irchęnnen, MidHG. erkęnnen, and OHG. bichęnnen, MidHG. bekęnnen, with the meanings of ModHG. kennen. The corresponding Goth. kannjan (uskannjan), as well as AS. cęnnan, gecęnnan, signifies ‘to make known.’ This double sense, which is combined in OIc. kenna, is explained by the