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plur. chlîwûn, f.; wanting in Goth., E., and Scand.; comp. further MidLG. clîge, Mod. Du. wanting; Swed. kli, ‘bran.’ klein, adj., ‘little,’ from MidHG. klein, kleine, adj., ‘clean, pretty, fine, prudent, slender, lean, little, insignificant'; OHG. chleini, ‘pretty, shining, neat, careful, slight’ (Alem. dials. point to an OHG. variant *chlîni). AS. clœ̂ne, adj., ‘clean, neat,’ E. clean, proves that ‘pretty, clean,’ is the prim. idea of the various senses of the MidHG. word (comp. Schmach). Scand. klénn was borrowed at a late period from E., LG., or Fris. Goth. *klai-ni- is wanting; the nasal belongs, as in several other adjs. (see rein and schön), to the suffix. It is uncertain whether the root is to be connected with Gr. γλαι-όι ‘greasy, sticky oil,’ and its cognates, discussed under Klei (the meanings ‘to shine, cleave (to)' interchange, e.g., in the root λιπ, Gr. λιπα, λίπαρέω, λιπος, λιπαρός). Gr. γλήμη, n., ‘wonders, ornaments,’ and γλήη, ‘pupil (of the eye),’ are, however, both on account of their forms and meanings, still less allied. — Kleinod, n., ‘jewel,’ from MidHG. kleinôt, n., with the variants kleinœte, kleinœde, n., lit. ‘fine, pretty thing,’ then ‘costliness, ornament,’ not recorded in OHG.; ôt is a suffix (see Heimat, Armut, and Einöde). Hence the derivative has retained another feature of the earlier varied senses. Kleister, m. and f., ‘paste,’ from the equiv. MidHG. klîster, m., with the equiv. variant klënster based on the vb. klënen; OHG. chlîstar and Goth. *kleistra- are wanting; stra is a suffix, as in Laster; the stem klî is the root klî, by gradation klai, ‘to cleave (to)’ (discussed under Klei and klein), which forms a vb. only in OHG., but it passes at the same time into the e-class, chlënan, ‘to cleave (to), smear,’ for kli-na-n, with na as a suffix of the pres., as in Lat. and Gr. (sper-ne-re, li-ne-re, δάκνειν, &c.); comp. MidHG. klënen, vb., Ic. klína, ‘to smear,’ klíningr, ‘bread and butter,’ klístra, ‘to paste.’ klempern, vb., ‘to tinkle,’ ModHG. simply, allied to MidHG. klamben, klampfern, ‘to clamp’; Klempner, ‘tinker,’ also ModHG. simply, allied to the equiv. MidHG. klampfer. klenken, vb., ‘to force the seeds from cones by heat,’ from MidHG. klęngen, klęnken, ‘to cause to ring’; factit. of klingen, which see; comp. henken, allied to hangen. Klepper, m., ‘nag,’ early ModHG., orig. |
not in a contemptuous sense; a LG. form; it is connected with LG. kleppen, ‘to strike rapidly’ (espec. also ‘to ring with a sharp sound’), MidHG. klepfen. Perhaps the term Klepper is derived from the bells on the harness of the horse.
Klette, f., ‘bur,’ from the equiv. MidHG. klëtte, f., with the variant klëte; OHG. chlëtto, m., chlëtta, f. (also OHG. chlëta). AS. cliþe, clâte, f., E. clotbur, ‘large bur’; further from the root klī̆b, ‘to cleave (to), adhere’ (comp. kleben), the equiv. OHG. chlîba, AS. clîfe, MidE. clîve, as well as MidDu. klijve, MidLG. klîve; finally also ModDu. klis, f., ‘bur.’ OHG. chlëtta is the most closely connected with AS. cliþe. It has been compared with Lat. glis (ss) as a cognate. From the G. word, OFr. gleton, gletteron, and ModFr. glouteron are derived. Comp. also the next word. klettern, vb., ‘to climb,’ early ModHG only, probably allied to Kette, and derived like the latter from a root meaning ‘to cleave (to)’; comp. kleben and klimmen. Akin to Du. klauteren, LG. klâtern, klattern, South Franc. klôteren, ‘to mount, climb’ (with an abnormal vowel and dental); root klêt?. klieben, vb., ‘to split,’ from MidHG. klieben, OHG. chlioban, vb., ‘to split, cleave’; corresponding to OSax. clioƀan, AS. cleófan, E. to cleave. From the correspondence of the other Teut. dials. we may assume Goth. *klûban, *kliuban, ‘to split.’ Under klauben a vb. from the same root klū̆b, by gradation kleub, ‘to work with a sharp instrument,’ has been discussed, to which is allied Gr. γλυφ (γλύφω, ‘to hollow out, carve,’ γλύανος, ‘chisel,’ γλύπτης, ‘carver’), perhaps also Lat. glûbo, ‘to peel.’ With the Aryan root glū̆bh, by gradation gleubh, Kloben, Kluft, and Kluppe are also connected. klimmen, vb., ‘to climb,’ from a MidHG. klimmen, klimben, OHG. climbun, str. vb., ‘to climb, mount’; corresponding to AS. climban, E. to climb. The nasal was orig. a part of the pres. stem; it did not belong to the root, as is proved by OIc. klífa, vb., ‘to climb.’ As to the identity of klimban with OTeut. klîban, ‘to cleave (to), hold firm,’ comp. kleiben; hence klimmen is prop. ‘to adhere.’ klimpern, vb.,‘to clink,’ ModHG. only, a new onomatopoetic term. Klinge (1.), f., from the equiv. MidHG. klinge, f., ‘sword-blade’; the word, which is not recorded in OHG., is pro- |
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