Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/218

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for the numerous Teut. terms. Some etymologists derive then from Kelt. words such as W. crwc, ‘pail,’ from which Fr. cruche, ‘pitcher,’ may be derived, if it is not of G. origin. The Goth. term for ‘pitcher’ is aúrkeis (borrowed from Lat. urceus). Comp. Krug (2).

Krug (2.), m., ‘alehouse,’ comp. Du. kroeg; it passed into HG. and Du. from LG., where it is recorded since the 13th cent. The quondam assumption that the word is identical with Krug (1), “because formerly an actual or a carved pitcher was hung in front of a tavern,” is demolished by the fact that Krug, ‘urceus,’ is entirely unknown to LG. (and Du.); the OSax. term krûka was used. On the other hand, Krug, ‘alehouse,’ was orig. wanting in HG., in which Krug, ‘pitcher,’ was current at the earliest period.

Kruke, see Krug (1).

Krume, f., ‘crumb,’ a LG. loan-word, wanting in MidHG.; comp. LG. krûme, Du. kruim, AS. crûme, E. crumb, crum. The root krū̆ appears also in krauen, OHG. chrouwôn, ‘to scratch, operate with the nails.’ Allied to Gr. γρῦμέα, ‘rubbish’ (Aryan root grū̆)?.

krumm, adj., ‘crooked,’ from MidHG. krump(b), OHG. chrumb, ‘crooked, curved, twisted, perverted’ (comp. kraus); rare variants OHG. and MidHG. krumpf, OHG. chrampf, as well as MidHG. krimpf, in the same sense. Comp. OSax. crumb, AS. crumb; E. crump, ‘crooked,’ is abnormal (with this E. to crumple, MidE. crumpeln, and also E. crimple, ‘wrinkle, fold,’ are connected). Under Krampf it is shown how the graded and permutated forms are widely ramified; the Teut. root signified ‘spasmodically contracted, curved.’ Besides the cognates of West Teut. krumba-, from pre-Teut. grumpó-, quoted under Krampf, comp. the unnasalised Gr. γρῦπός, ‘curved, bent’?. OIr. cromm, W. crwm, seem to have been borrowed from AS.

Kruppe, f., ‘crupper,’ ModHG. only, borrowed from Fr. croupe, whence E. croup. The Fr. word has been derived from Scand. kryppa, f., ‘hump, excrescence’ (allied to kroppr, ‘hump’). See the following word.

Krüppel, m., ‘cripple,’ from the equiv. MidHG. krüppel, krüpel, m.; it passed in the MidHG. period from LG. into HG.; Du. kreupel, E. cripple, MidE. and AS. cryppel, Scand. kryppell, kryplingr. The p of these forms is HG. pf (Alsat. Krüpfel),

hence we must assume that HG. Krüppel was borrowed from LG. and MidG. Allied in the UpG. dials. to Swiss chrüft, chrüpfe, Suab. kropf, kruft, krüftle, Bav. krapf, kropf, ‘deformed person,’ and the cognate Bav. krüpfen, ‘to become crooked,’ akin to OIc. kroppr, kryppa, ‘hump,’ and the cognates discussed under Kropf. Besides Gr. γρυπός, ‘curved,’ we may also refer to OSlov. grŭbŭ, ‘back,’ ModSlov. grbanec, ‘wrinkle,’ Serv. grba, ‘hump’ (grbati se, ‘to stoop’).

Kruste, f., ‘crust,’ from the rare MidHG. kruste, OHG. crusta, f., ‘crust’; a learned term which has been first naturalised in ModHG. Derived from Lat. crusta, whence also Du. korst, E. crust, as well as Rom. words like Fr. croûte.

Krystall, m., from the equiv. MidHG. kristál, kristálle, m. OHG. krystálla, f., ‘crystal.’ The retention of the Lat. accent (crystállus, m. and f.) preserved the foreign aspect of this merely learned term, which was borrowed at a very early period.

Kübel, m., ‘tub, bucket,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kübel, OHG. *chubil, m.; comp. OHG. miluh-chubilî, -chubilîn, n., ‘milk-pail’; allied to AS. cŷf (from kûbi-), MidE. kîve, ‘cask.’ The stem is genuinely Teut.; it is doubtful whether it is connected with the cognates (‘narrow space’) discussed under Koben. Its Rom. origin at all events must be rejected. — ModLat. cupella, cupellus, ‘mensura frumentaria’ and ‘vas potorium,’ do not coincide in meaning; Du. kuip, ‘vat, cask,’ is alone connected with Lat. cûpa, ‘cask.’ Some Rom. words, such as Prov. cubel, ‘tub,’ are derived from the Teut. cognates, from which Slav. and Lett. words are borrowed; Lith. kùbilas, ‘tub,’ OSlov. kŭbĭlŭ, ‘vessel,’ as a corn measure. Comp. Koben, Kopf, and Kufe.

Küche, f., ‘kitchen,’ from the equiv. MidHG. küche, küchen, kuchîn (UpG. without mutation kuche, kuchi), OHG. chúhhī̆na, f.; corresponding to AS. cyčene, f., E. kitchen, Du. keuken. An old West Teut. word, probably not derived immediately from late Lat. coquîna, ‘kitchen,’ but rather from a common Rom. and MidLat. cûcina (kukī̆na; comp. Ital. cucina, Fr. cuisine). The HG. ch (OHG. hh) for c, k, in consequence of the HG. permutation points to the adoption of the term about the 6th cent., at which period the South Europ. arts of cookery and horticulture were introduced into Germany; comp. Koch, Kuchen, Kohl, Kümmel, and Pfeffer.