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Luf

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Lus

Luft, f. (UpG. masc.), ‘air, breeze,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. luft, m. and f.; a common Teut. term; comp. Goth. luftus, OIc. lopt, AS. lyft (E. lift, dial. only), OSax. luft, Du. lucht, ‘air’. Whether OIc. lopt, ‘loft’ (comp. Laube), is a derivative of the same word remains dubious; nor is it of any help in determining the primit. sense of the specifically Teut. luftu-, especially as indubitable cognates in the non-Teut. languages are wanting.

Lug, m., Lüge, f., ‘lie, falsehood,’ from the equiv. MidHG. luc (g), lüge (lügene), OHG. lugin, f.; an abstract of lügen (dial. liegen), MidHG. liegen, OHG. liogan, str. vb. ‘to lie.’ Comp. OSax. lugina, ‘lie,’ from liogan, Du. leugen, logen, from liegen, AS. lyge (E. lie), from leógan, Goth. liugn, ‘lie,’ from liugan, str. vb. ‘to lie.’ —

Lügner, m., ‘liar,’ from MidHG. lügenœre, OHG. luginâri. To this common Teut. root lug (Aryan lugh), ‘to lie,’ Goth. liugan (pret. liugaida), ‘to marry,’ has no relation; the latter, like OFris. logia, ‘to marry,’ is connected rather with OIr. luige, ‘oath’ (primit. form lughio-). ModHG. lügen is more probably allied to OSlov. lŭžą (lŭgati), ‘to lie,’ lŭža, ‘lie.’ From Teut., Ital. (dial.) luchina, ‘false story,’ is derived.

lugen, vb., ‘to look out, spy,’ from the equiv. MidHG. luogen, OHG. luogên; corresponding to OSax. lôcôn, AS. lôcian, E. to look, with an abnormal k for g. From these Norman luquer is borrowed. The early history of this West Teut. stem lôkai, lôgai-, is obscure.

Luke, f., ‘dormer window, hole, hatchway,’ prop. a LG. word meaning ‘opening’; allied to Loch.

lullen, vb., ‘to lull,’ ModHG. only; a recent onomatopoetic term.

Lümmel, m., ‘lubber, scoundrel,’ first occurs in ModHG.; probably derived from the antiquated adj. lumm, ‘relaxed, loose,’ which is based on MidHG. lüeme, OHG. luomi, ‘mild, languid’ (MidHG. lüemen, ‘to slacken, relax, be wearied’), and connected with lahm.

Lump, m., ‘scamp, ragamuffin,’ ModHG. only; prop. identical with Lumpen, m., ‘rag, tatter,’ which in late MidHG. appears as lumpe with the same sense. It was probably introduced from LG.; comp. Du. lomp, ‘rag, tatter, patch,’ lomperd, ‘lout’ (to this OIc. leppr, ‘shield,’ is allied?); comp. Lappen and Lasse. — lumpen, vb., lit. ‘to treat or regard as a ragamuffin.’

Lunge, f., ‘lung,’ from the equiv. MidHG. lunge, OHG. lungun (plur. lungunnâ), f.; corresponding to the equiv. Goth. *luggô, OIc. lunga, AS. lungen, E. lungs (prop. plur. on account of the two lobes), Du. long. Some etymologists connect these cognates with the OTeut. root ling, ‘to be light,’ which appears in leicht and gelingen. Comp. Port. leve, ‘lung,’ from Lat. levis, ‘light,’ E. lights from light, Russ. legkoe from legkij.

lungern, vb., ‘to seek prey, yearn,’ ModHG. only; a derivative of the West Teut. adj., MidHG. lunger, OHG. lungar, ‘speedy, quick,’ AS. lungor, ‘quick,’ which, with Gr. ἐλαφρός, ‘quick,’ is connected with the Aryan root lengh, discussed under the preceding word (see leicht).

Lüning, m., ‘sparrow’ (LG.), from the equiv. OSax. hliuning. Origin obscure.

Lünse, f., ‘linch-pin,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. luns, lunse; comp. OSax. lunisa, Du. luns, lens. In OHG. lun, luna, MidHG. lun, lune, f., also OHG. luning, MidHG. lüninc, lüner, ‘lungs’; comp. AS. lynes, m., E. linch-pin (Goth. *lunisi is wanting); it may have been formed like Goth. aqizi, jukuzi. Some etymologists connect these cognates with the Aryan root lu, ‘to loosen,’ discussed under verlieren, so that Lünse is lit. ‘peg for loosening the wheel.’ Comp. further AS. âlynnan, ‘to release.’

Lunte, f., ‘lunt, match,’ ModHG. only; corresponding to Du. lonte, E. lunt, Dan. lunte. In earlier ModHG. and in modern dials. it signifies ‘wick of a lamp’ (prop. ‘tow’?), allied to MidHG. lünden, ‘to burn’ (OHG. lunda, ‘tallow’?). Further cognates are uncertain. — Lunte, ‘brush of a fox,’ is a figurative sense of Lunte, ‘lunt’ (i.e., from its fiery colour).

lüpfen, ‘to set free and then raise aloft,’ an UpG. vb., from the equiv. MidHG. lüpfen, lupfen. Since the word is not found in other languages (Goth. *luppjan?), its origin cannot be discovered; perhaps it is connected with the cognates of Läufel. In ModHG. a modern vb., lüften (allied to Luft), ‘to lift,’ has supplanted the cognate phonetic form lüpfen.

Lust, f., ‘pleasure, delight, fancy, lust,’ from the equiv. MidHG. lust, m. and f., OHG. lust, f.; corresponding to Goth. lustus, OIc. lyst, AS. lyst, lust, E. list, lust, Du. and OSax. lust; a common Teut. abstract, the origin of which is still dubious. Its relation to lieben (Teut. root lub, ‘to