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Sal

( 295 )

Sam

mean ‘to have the name salvator on one's lips, and nothing more,’ an equally improbable explanation.

Salbe, f., ‘salve,’ from the equiv. MidHG. salbe, OHG. salba, f.; a common Teut. term; comp. OSax. salƀa, Du. zalf, AS. sealf, E. salve (Goth. *salba, f., may be inferred from salbôn, ‘to anoint’). The Teut. salbô-, from pre-Teut. solpã-, is entirely unrelated to Gr. ἀλείφω; Gr. ἕλπος, ‘oil,’ ἔλφος, ‘butter,’ ὄλπη, ‘oil-flask,’ Sans. sarpís, n., ‘grease,’ are more probably allied to Salbe.

Salbei, m., ‘sage,’ from MidHG. salbeie, salveie, OHG. salbeia, salveia, f., from MidLat. salvegia, a variant of Lat. and Rom. salvia (Fr. sauge, whence E. sage).

Salbuch, n., ‘register of the survey of lands,’ from MidHG. sal-buoch, n., ‘register of lands belonging to the community, a record of receipts and donations,’ from MidHG. sal, f., ‘legal assignment of an estate,’ which, with MidHG. sal, m., ‘legacy,’ is connected with OHG. sęllen, AS. sęllan, ‘to surrender.’ The corresponding E. verb to sell has acquired a different shade of meaning.

Salm, Salmen, m., ‘salmon,’ from MidHG. salme, OHG. salmo, m., from the equiv. Lat. salmo.

Salweide, f., ‘sallow, round-leaved willow’; allied to MidHG. salhe, f., OHG. salaha (Goth. *salhô), f., ‘willow’; the second part of the ModHG. compound serves as. an explanation of the old term, which is undoubtedly of genuine Teut. origin; comp. OIc. selja, f. (Goth. *salhjô), and AS. sealh, E. sallow. Primit. allied to Gr. ἑλίκῇ (Arcad.), Lat. sălix (acc. salicem), ‘willow’; Fr. saule is based not on the Lat., but on the HG. word.

Salz, n., ‘salt,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. salz, n.; corresponding to the equiv. Goth. salt, AS. sealt, n., E. salt, Du. zout, OSax. salt (also an adj. OIc. saltr, AS. sealt, ‘salty, saline’). The specifically Teut. form sal-ta- (whence Lapp. saltte) is of course related to Lat. sal, Gr. ἅλς; comp. further OSlov. solĭ, Lett. sâls, OIr. salann, ‘salt.’ The lengthened pre-Teut. root sald appears also in Lat. sallere, ‘to salt,’ with the assimilation of ld to ll; in Lith. the corresponding adj. saldùs has the remarkable signification ‘sweet’ (Lith. druskà, ‘salt,’ is connected with Lett. druska, ‘crumb.’ Among the Eastern Aryans a cognate term is wanting, the word salt,

curiously enough, not being intentioned in the Rig-Veda. Perhaps the Western Aryans, in their migration, got their knowledge of the mineral from a civilised tribe that has also exercised an influence on European languages in other instances (comp. Silber). That a graded form could be constructed from even a foreign term admits of no doubt (see Sülze). Perhaps the divergence between Teut. salta- and Gr. Lat. sal- is due to differences anterior to the period in which the word was borrowed.

-sam, see langsam.

Same, m., ‘seed, semen, spawn,’ from MidHG. sâme, OHG. and OSax. sâmo, m., ‘grain of seed, seed, descendants, field, soil’; a derivative of the root sê, ‘to sow,’ contained in Saat and säen. Corresponding to Lat. sêmen, OSlov. sěmę, ‘seed,’ Lith. sėmů, ‘seed’; an Aryan neut. sê-mn-, with a suffix men, is implied; the same suffix appears in Keim and Blume. A different derivation is indicated by OIr. síl and Lith. sėklà, ‘seed’ (prim. form sêtla}.

Sämischleder, n., ModHG. only, corresponding to the equiv. E. chamois leather (also shammy), Fr. peaux chamoisees; of obscure origin, perhaps from Russ. zamša, ‘wash-leather.’

sammeln, vb., ‘to collect, gather,’ from the equiv. MidHG. samelen, prop. with a n- suffix, samenen, OHG. samanôn; corresponding to OSax. samnôn, Du. zamelen, AS. samnian, OIc. samna, ‘to collect’; a derivative of the OG. adv. saman. Primit. allied to Sans. samanâ, ‘together.’ See zusammen and gesamt.

Samstag, m., ‘Saturday,’ prop. a UpG. and Rhen. word (in MidG. and LG. Sonnabend), from MidHG. samȥtac, sampstac, OHG. sambaȥtac. In Du. zaterday, LG. sâterdach, AS. sœternesdœg, E. Saturday, which, like the equiv. OIr. dia sathairnn and Alban. šëtúne, are based on Lat. Saturni dies, unknown to Rom.; in OIc. laugardagr, þváttdagr (lit. ‘bathing day’). From the ecclesias. Lat. sabbati dies (whence Fr. samedi, Ital. sabbato, Prov. dissapte, and Ir. sapait), OHG. sambaȥ-tac, ModHG. Samstag cannot be derived, for such a derivation does not explain the HG. nasal; nor can the t of an ecclesias. Lat. word be changed to ȥ. Since OSlov. sąbota, Magy. szombat, and Rouman. sămbătă are the most closely allied to OHG. sambaȥ-, we may perhaps assume that it is of Eastern origin, which supposition is supported by