Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/319

This page has been proofread, but needs to be validated.

Sat

( 297 )

Sau

milk-pan,’ ModHG. only, from LG. satte, sętte, a derivative of sitten, ‘to sit’; the milk is kept in Satten, so that the cream may set. OHG. satta, ‘basket, provision basket,’ which became obsolete as early as the beginning of the MidHG. period, does not appear to be allied.

Sattel, m., ‘saddle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. satel, OHG. satal, satul, m.; corresponding to Du. zadel, AS. sadol, E. saddle, OIc. sǫðull, m.; Goth. *saduls is by chance not recorded. The assumption that the word is borrowed from Lat. sedîle is not supported either by the sound or the meaning. The common OTeut. *sadula- cannot, however, be primit. allied to sitzen (Teut. root set). Perhaps the word was anciently borrowed from another Aryan tongue, which could probably form sadula- from the root sed, ‘to sit’ (comp. Reich); comp. Slav. sedlo (sedĭlo), ‘saddle.’

Saturei, f., ‘savory’ (bot.), from the equiv. MidHG. satereie; comp. Ital. satureja, Fr. sarriette, MidLat. saturêja.

Satz, m., ‘sediment; sentence; set; wager,’ from MidHG. saz (gen. satzes), m.; a graded form of sitzen, signifying in MidHG. ‘place where something lies or is put, position, situation, mandate, law, purpose,’ &c.

Sau, f., ‘sow, hog,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. sû, f.; corresponding to AS. sû, E. sow, OIc. sýr, ‘sow.’ Du. zog, zeug, ‘sow,’ belong further, like AS. sŭgu (Goth. *sugus), and Suab., MidLG., and MidE. suge, to OTeut. sû, whence also Schwein (Goth. swein, n.) is derived. The term sû, ‘pig,’ is essentially West Aryan; comp. Lat. sû-s, Gr. ὗ-ς, σῦ-ς, to which Zend hu, ‘boar,’ is allied; for further references see under Schwein. The root is Sans. su, ‘to bring forth’ (comp. Sohn), so that the ‘sow’ was probably named from its fecundity; others regard sû as an imitation of the grunting of the pig, because in Sans. the animal is termed sûkara, lit. ‘sû maker.’ Sau, in its prov. sense, ‘ace’ (of cards), seems, like Hund, to have been an old technical term in dice-playing, yet early references are wanting.

sauber, adj., ‘neat, clean, nice, pretty,’ from MidHG. sûber, sûver, ‘neat, clean, pretty,’ OHG. sûbar, sûbiri; OSax. *sûƀri, Du. zuiver, AS. sŷfre, ‘clean, purified, spotless’; Goth. *sûbri- is wanting. Since the agreement of the OWest Teut. dials. proves the early existence of the Teut.

word, the assumption that it was borrowed from Lat. sobrius or Gr. σῦφαρ cannot be maintained.

sauer, adj., ‘sour, acid, bitter,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. sûr, adj.; corresponding to Du. zuur, MidLG. and AS. sûr, E. sour, OIc. súrr; Goth. sûrais by chance not recorded. Pre-Teut. *sûró-s is further attested by OSlov. syrŭ, ‘raw,’ and Lith. sū́ras, ‘salty.’ Perhaps Gr. ξὺρός, ‘sour’ (in Hesych.), and the root ἕυ, ‘to scrape, scratch,’ are also allied; in that case sauer would mean ‘scratching.’ From Teut. is derived Fr. sur, ‘sour.’

saufen, vb., ‘to drink’ (of beasts), from MidHG. sûfen, OHG. sûfan, ‘to sip, lap, drink’; MidLG. sûpen, AS. sûpan, and OIc. súpa have the same sense; comp. further Du. zuipen, ‘to drink,’ E. to sup (the verb to sip seems to be connected with Goth. *sŭpjan). For the Teut. root sū̆p, which has not yet been found in other groups, see Soff and Suppe; comp. further seufzen.

saugen, vb., ‘to suck, absorb,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sûgen, OHG. sûgan; Du. zuigen, MidLG. sûgen, AS. sûgan (also sûcan, E. to suck), OIc. súga have the same meaning; Goth. *sûgan, *sûkan are by chance not recorded. Teut. root sū́g (sū̆k), from pre-Teut. sū̆k (sū̆g); comp. Lat. sûgere, Lett. sūzu (sūkt), ‘to suck,’ OIr. súgim (also OSlov. sŭsą, sŭsati, ‘I suck’?).

säugen, vb., ‘to suckle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. söugen, OHG. sougen, prop. ‘to cause to suck’; a factitive of sûgan; see saugen. Goth. *saugjan is wanting.

Säule (1.) (Bav. Saul), f., ‘pillar,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sûl (plur. siule), OHG. sûl (plur. sûli), f.; comp. Du. zuil, AS. sŷl; OIc. súla, ‘pillar’; also, with gradation, Goth. sauls, f., ‘pillar.’ Perhaps Schwelle is primit. allied.

Säule (2.), f., ‘awl,’ from MidHG. siule, OHG. siula, f., ‘awl, punch’ (Goth. *siwila, f.); connected with the Aryan root sī̆w, “the primit. word for leather-work” (see Ahle). Comp. Goth. sinjan, OHG. siuwan, AS. seówian, E. to sew; also Lat. suo, ‘I sew,’ sutor, ‘cobbler,’ Gr. κασ-σύω, ‘to patch, stitch,’ Sans. root sîw, ‘to sew,’ OSlov. ši-ti, ‘to sew.’ In a sense corresponding to that of MidHG. siule we find Lat. subula and OSlov. šilo, which are formed from the same root. Comp. the following word.

Saum (1.), m., ‘border,’ from MidHG. and OHG. soum, m., ‘sewn edge of a gar-