Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/432

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him with infamy. From Teut. are derived the Romance cognates, OFr. top, ‘tuft of hair,’ Span. tope, ‘end,’ Ital. toppo, ModFr. toupet, ‘tuft, lock of hair.’ No cognate terms are found in the non-Teut. languages.

Zores, Zorus, m., ‘confusíon,’ ModHG. only, from Jewish zores, ‘oppression.’

Zorn, m., ‘anger, wrath, passion,’ from MidHG. zorn, m., OHG. zorn, n., ‘violent indignation, fury, insult, dispute’; corresponding to OSax. torn, n., ‘indignation,’ AS. torn, n., ‘anger, insult,’ Du. toorn, m., ‘anger’ (torn, ‘push, fight’); in Goth. by chance not recorded. It is an old partic. in no- from the root tar, ‘to tear’ (Goth. ga-tairan, OHG. zëran, ‘to tear to pieces, destroy’); hence Zorn meant lit. ‘ending of the mind’?. Yet note Lith. durnas, ‘mad, angry, insufferable,’ and durnůti, ‘to rage.’

Zote, f., ‘obscenity,’ ModHG. only; of obscure origin, but certainly a loan-word. It is most probably connected with Fr. sotie, sottie, ‘obscene farce’ (in the carnival plays obscenity is the main element), Fr. sottise, ‘abusive language, indecency,’ from Fr. sot, ‘blockhead,’ Span. and Port. zote, ‘booby.’ With these are connected Ital. zotico, ‘coarse, uncouth’ (comp. Ital. zotichezza, ‘coarseness,’ zoticacco, ‘uncouth, clownish’; they are not derived from Lat. exoticus (Lat. x is never equiv. to Rom. z). Comp. further AS. and E. sot, Du. sot, and Ir. suthan, ‘blockhead,’ sotaire, ‘fop.’

Zotte (1.), Zottel, f., ‘lock, tuft, tangle,’ from MidHG. zote, zotte, m. and f., ‘tuft of hair,’ OHG. zotta, zata, zota, f., zotto, m., ‘mane, comb (of birds), tuft.’ MidHG. zotte is normally permutated from toddôn-; comp. OIc. todde, m., ‘tuft, bit, tod (weight for wool),’ E. tod, Du. todde, ‘rags, tatters’; also Dan. tot, ‘tuft of hair, tangle,’ Du. toot, ‘hair-net’?. Nothing more definite can be ascertained concerning the early history of the word. From Ger. are derived the Ital. words zazza, zázzera, ‘long hair,’ and tattera, ‘rubbish, trash’ (perhaps also Ital. zatter, zattera, Span. zata, zatara, ‘raft.’

Zotte (2.), f., dial., ‘spout of a vessel,’ equiv. to Du. tuit, ‘pipe’ (see Düte).

zotteln, vb., ‘to move clumsily, shuffle along,’ from MidHG. zoten, ‘to walk slowly, saunter’; comp. E. tottle, toddle, totter; allied to Zotte (1).

zu, prep., ‘to, in addition to, at, in order to’; adv., ‘to, towards,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zuo (MidG. zû), OHG. zuo, zua, zô;

comp. the corresponding OSax. tô, Du. toe, OFris. tô, AS. tô, E. to; wanting in OIc. and Goth. (for which Scand. til and Goth. du occur). It corresponds in non-Teut. to Lith. da-, OIr. do, as well as to Zend -da, Gr. -δε, and Lat. -do, which are used enclitically.

Zuber, Zober, m., ‘tub,’ from MidHG. zuber, zober, OHG. zubar, n., ‘vessel’; probably allied primit. to MidE. tubbe, E. tub, Du. tobbe, LG. tubbe and töver. In OHG. also zwibar, which compared with OHG. einbar (see Eimer) is regarded as a ‘vessel with two handles,’ and is connected in form with Gr. δίφρος (from dwi, ‘two,’ and root Φερ).

Zubuße, f., ‘additional contribution,’ from late MidHG. zuobuoȥe, f., zuobuoȥ, m., ‘supplement’; comp. Buße.

Zucht, f., ‘breeding, rearing, breed, brood, education, discipline,’ from MidHG. and OHG. zuht, f., ‘marching, expedition; education, discipline; culture, propriety; that which is trained, cultivated; posterity.’ A verbal abstract of ziehen (comp. Flucht from fliehen); corresponding to LG. and Du. tucht, AS. tyht, Dan. tugt, Goth. *taúhts (in ustaúhts, ‘completion’). — Derivatives —

züchten, vb., ‘to breed, cultivate, bring up, discipline,’ from MidHG. zühten, OHG. zuhten, zuhtôn, ‘to train up.’ —

züchtig, adj., ‘modest, bashful, discreet,’ from MidHG. zühtec, OHG. zuhtîg, ‘well bred, polite; punitive; pregnant.’ —

züchtigen, vb., ‘to chastise, correct, punish,’ from MidHG. zühtegen, ‘to punish.’

Zuck, m., ‘twitch, start, shrug,’ from MidHG. zuc (gen. zuckes), m., ‘quick marching, jerk.’ Allied to zucken, zücken, vb., ‘to move convulsively, start, jerk, tug,’ from MidHG. zucken, zücken, OHG. zucchen, zukken, ‘to march quickly, snatch away, jerk, tug’; intensive form of ziehen. Hence the ModHG. compounds entzücken, verzücken (MidHG. enzücken, verzücken), signified orig. ‘to snatch away, transport in spirit.’ From the base tukkôn is derived Fr. toucher, Ital. toccare.

Zucker, m., ‘sugar,’ from the corresponding MidHG. zucker, zuker, m. (OHG. zucura, once only); comp. the corresponding Du. suiker, MidE. sucre, E. sugar, Ic. sẏkr, Dan. sukker, Swed. socker. The word was borrowed from MidLat. zucara, which is derived in the first instance from Arab. sokkar, assokhar; from the same source the Rom. class Fr. sucre and Ital. zucchero are obtained. Span. azúcar was directly adopted