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changed into ê before dentals, In investigating the word beide we must start from the fact that the stem of the num. had really no dental; AS. bêgen, bâ, Goth. bai (OIc. gen. beggja), ‘both.’ Allied in the other Aryan languages to Sans. ubháu, Gr. ἄμφω, Lat. ambo, OSlov. oba, Lith. abù, with a syllable prefixed. The G. forms with a dental are undoubtedly secondary; they obtained their dental by the blending, at a comparatively late period, of the primary ba- with the forms of the article, so that OHG. bêde arose from bê and de, beidiu from bei and diu, MidE. bôthe (E. both) from AS. bâ and þâ (OIc. báþer from bai and þaiz). In Goth. ba is combined with the article ba Þó skipa, ‘both the ships’; similarly in Gr. ἄμφω. By assuming such a combination in West Teut. the following ModHG. dial. forms in all genders are explained • Bav. bed, bod, beid, Suab. bêd, bued, boad, Wetterau bed, bud, bad. Beifuß, m., ‘a species of wormwood used in seasoning food’; the MidHG. and OHG. word was written bĩbôȥ, hence the semi-LowG aspect of the ModHG. word. OHG. bîbôȥ is cognate with anabôȥ (see Amboß), and connected with an OTeut. verb bautan, ‘to pound’; bîbôȥ, ‘spice pounded and mixed with food.’ The LG. form of the OHG. word is bîvôt, and hence arose the ModHG. Beifuß, by the awkward attempt of popular etymology to connect bîvôt with a well-known word. Beige, Beuge, f., ‘a pile arranged in layers’ (an UpG. word), from MidHG. bîge, OHG. bîgo, ‘shock (of corn)’; hence Ital. bica, ‘pile of sheaves’; comp. E. bing (heap of alum), Scand. bingr, ‘bolster’; comp. Bachbunge. Beuge has eu by being based on biegen. Beil (Bav. Beichl), n., ‘hatchet,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bîl, bîhel, OHG. bîhal, bîal, n. (comp. the similar stages in the derivation of Feile from fîhala); comp. MidLG. bîl, ‘axe.’ On account of OIc. bílda, ‘axe,’ OHG. bîhal must probably be trace to bîþl, bîtl (for hl from þl comp. Gemahl). Hence there may be a connection with the cognates from bhĭ̄d discussed under beißen; as to the meaning, comp. especially Lat. findo, ‘I split’ (OIr. biáil, ‘axe,’ is primit. akin). On the other hand, it is, of course, not impossible that OHG. bîhal may be connected with Bicke. beilen, vb., ‘to bring deer to a stand by baying,’ formed from MidHG. and OHG. |
bîl, ‘the moment when the deer stands at bay; encircling by the baying hounds’; MidHG. bîlen, ‘to bring to a stand by baying,’ intr. ‘to bark’. No kinship with bellen can be proved; it is more probably connected with the root bî in beben (for a derivative in l from the latter word comp. Lett. baile, ‘fear,’ bailùs, ‘timid,’ Sans. bltrú, ‘timid’, Sans. bhîrú, ‘timid’). In that case MidHG. and OHG. bî-l would be lit. ‘time of fear.’
Bein, n., ‘bone, leg,’ from MidHG. bein, OHG. bein, n.; comp. OLG. bén, AS. bân, E. bone; ModHG. reserves the earlier meaning ‘bone’ still existing in UpG. in the words Beinhaus, Elfenbein, Fischbein, Falzbein, Gebein; the later signification, ‘lower part of the thigh,’ is recorded even in OHG., MidHG., and OIc. The OIc. beinn, adj., ‘straight,’ favours the supposition that originally at least the straight thigh-bones were termed Beine (bones). Goth. *bain, n., is by chance not recorded. A primit. Teut. word with the primary meaning ‘bone,’ which cannot, however, be traced farther back (Lat. os, Gr. ὀστέον, Sans. asthi, asthan, to which an Aryan osth-, ‘bone,’ would correspond, are not represented, on the other hand, in the Teut. group). Comp. further Eisbein. Beispiel, n., ‘example,’ from late MidHG. bîspil, mostly bîspel, n., ‘fable, allegory, proverb,’ OHG. *bîspëll (for bî comp. bei and Beichte). Comp. AS. bîspell, ‘example, parable'; formed from OHG. and MidHG. spël (ll), ‘tale, fable, rumour,’ Goth. spill, ‘legend, fable,’ AS. spell, E. spell (gospel from godspell), ‘tale, fable'; spell (to which Fr. épeler, ‘to spell,’ is akin) is the term for literary composition in prose, and hence is as important for the history of primit. Teut. civilisation as Lied, ſingen, &c. beißen, vb., ‘to bite,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bîȥen, OHG. bîȥȥan; cognate with Goth. beitan, AS. bîtan, E. to bite. A primit. Teut. verb with the sense of ‘to bite,’ which has, however, as is shown by the cognate tongues, been specialised from the more general meaning ‘to make smaller, to split with a sharp instrument.’ Comp. Lat. findo, Sans. root bhid, ‘to split, break to pieces’; in OTeut. poetry beißen is also used of the sword — a remnant of the earlier meaning. Beil, too, if primit. akin to it, must be connected with Lat. findere, ‘to split.’ Comp. bitter, which signifies orig. ‘piercing.’ From the same root Biß, MidHG. and OHG. biȥ, m., is derived, to which |
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