Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/51

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tion already common to the Teut. group, ‘bed, lectus’ (akin to OSw. bœdhil, ‘nest’), may be elucidated by reference to the cave-dwellings of the Teutons (see Dung). In early times the bed was evidently dug like a niche in the sides of the subterranean dwellings. The meaning ‘bolster,’ common to OIc. beðr and Finn. patja (borrowed from Goth.), does not, it is true, harmonise with this explanation.

Bettel, m., ‘beggary, trash,’ akin to MidHG. bëtel, ‘begging.’

betteln, vb., ‘to beg, live by begging,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bëtelen, OHG. bëtalôn, a frequentative of bitten; to this Bettler, from bëtelœre, OHG. bëtalâri, is allied.

betuchen, betucht, adj. and adv., ‘quiet(ly), reserved(ly)’; of Hebr. origin (bâtûach, ‘confident, sure’).

Betzel, Petzel, m., ‘small cap,’ from MidHG. (MidG.) bezel, f., ‘hood.’

beuche, see bauche.

beugen, vb., ‘to bow, humble,’ from the equiv. MidHG. böugen, OHG. bougen, boucken; it corresponds to AS. bêgan, bîgan, ‘to bow,’ E. to bay, ‘to dam (water)’; factitive of biegen; hence lit. ‘to cause to bend.’

Beule, f., ‘boil, swelling,’ from the equiv. MidHG. biule, OHG. bûlla, *bûllea, f., ‘blister’; comp. AS. bŷle, E. bile (also boil), Du. buil, ‘boil’; Goth. *bûljô, ‘swelling,’ is connected with Goth. ufbauljan, ‘to inflate,’ and stands probably for *bûgwliô, properly Buckel (hump); akin to biegen.

Beunde, f., from the equiv. MidHG. biunde, OHG. biunt, ‘a vacant and enclosed plot reserved for a special wing or outhouse, enclosure’; no connection with Lat. fundus is possible. MidLG. biwende, ‘an enclosed space,’ shows that an OHG. *bi-want, ‘that which winds round, a hedge,’ is implied. Respecting bi, ‘round about,’ see Bifang.

Beute (1.), f., ‘kneading trough, beehive,’ from MidHG. biute, f., OHG. biutta, f., with the same meaning; it presupposes Goth. *biudja. Bütte is the most nearly allied, unless the latter is of Rom. origin. The derivation from OHG. biot, Goth. biuþs, AS. beód, ‘table,’ seems uncertain; of course AS. beód also means ‘dish.’

Beute (2.), f., ‘booty,’ from the equiv. MidHG. biute; on account of Du. buit, OIc. bŷte, ‘booty, exchange,’ hence ‘to exchange, divide,’ the t indicates that the word was borrowed. E. booty is derived from the OIc. bŷte, but it has also been

confused with boot, ‘gain, advantage’ (see Buße). The t would have become fs, tz in HG. As t would represent the dental in Goth., bieten, Goth. biudan cannot, according to the laws of the permutation of consonants, be allied to Beute; we must assume that the root of the latter is Goth. bût, pre-Teut. bhū̆d. Fr. butin, ‘booty,’ is borrowed from these cognates. Comp. OIr. buaid, ‘victory.’

Beutel (1.), m., ‘a ripping chisel, a piece of wood for beating flax,’ first occurs in ModHG.; the t points to a LG. origin; in HG. we should have expected fs, in MidHG. ȥ (MidHG. bôȥel, bœȥel). Comp. LG. bœ̂tel, AS. bŷtel, E. beetle (for beating flax); from a root baut, ‘to strike, beat’ (AS. beátan, E. beat, OIc. bauta, OHG. bôȥȥan), which still appears in Amboß.

Beutel (2.), m., ‘purse,’ from MidHG. biutel, m., n., ‘purse, pocket,’ OHG. bûtil; comp. Du. buidel (buil), ‘purse’; Goth. *bûdils. The word cannot, however, be traced farther back than OHG.; its kinship to bieten, root bud, from bhudh, would throw no light on the meaning.

Beutheie, f., ‘cooper's mallet for driving on the hoops.’ Beut- like Beutel, ‘beetle,’ belongs properly to LG.; -heie, hammer, from MidHG. heie, OHG. heia, ‘hammer’; hence Beutheie, ‘driving hammer.’

bevor, conj., ‘before, from MidHG. bevor, OHG. bifora; comp. the corresponding E. before, from AS. beforan.

bewegen (1.), vb., ‘to move,’ from MidHG. bewëgen, OHG. biwëgan. See wegen.

bewegen (2.), vb., ‘to stir, excite,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bewęgen, OHG. biwęcken, biwęgen, factitive of the preceding. See wegen.

Beweis, m., first occurs in ModHG., from MidHG. bewîsen, ‘to instruct, show, prove’; comp. weisen.

bezichten, bezichtigen, vb.; the former, with a change in meaning due to züchtigen, is also written bezüchten, ‘to accuse of, charge with’; derivatives of a MidHG. subst. biziht (beziht), f., ‘accusation’; comp. zeihen.

Bezirk, m., ‘circuit, district, sphere,’ from MidHG. zirc, ‘circle, circumference, district’; from Lat. circus, ‘circle.’ The word, as z for Lat. c shows, was borrowed very early during the OHG. period.

Bibel, f., ‘bible,’ from MidHG. bibel, of which there is a variant, biblie (E. bible.