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Bilsenkraut, n., ‘henbane,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bilse, OHG. bilisa, f.; also a dial. form bilme, equal to Dan. bulme, AS. beolene (Span. beleño). The stems bilisa, beluna, common to the Teut. group, correspond to Lat. felix, filix, ‘fern,’ but more closely to Russ. belená, Pol. bielun, ‘henbane.’ Comp. further MidDu. beelde, ‘henbane.’ bin, see sein, vb. Bims, n., Bimsstein, ‘pumice-stone,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bümez, OHG. bumiz; hence we should expected ModHG. Bümeß. The relation between Kreuz and Lat. cruc-em is similar to that between Bümeß and the type, Lat. pumic-em (nom. pumex). The i of the ModHG. form is MidG., as in Kitt, Pilz. From Lat. pumex (Ital. pomice) are also derived Du. puimsteen, and AS. pûmicstân. With regard to s for z, see Binse. binden, vb., ‘to tie, bind,’ from MidHG. binden, OHG. bintan, corresponds to OSax. and AS. bindan, E. to bind, Goth. bindan; the meaning does not change, hence it was the same in primit. Teut. as in ModHG. and Eng. The pre-Teut. form of the root must have been bhendh; comp. the corresponding Sans. root bandh, ‘to chain, fasten’; Lat. (with f for bh initially) offendimentum, ‘bond, cable’; Gr. πεῖσμα for *πένθσμα, ‘bond,’ also ‘father-in-law,’ as well as Sans. bándhu, ‘a relative.’ In Teut. numerous forms are derived by gradation from the same root (e.g. Band, E. bond, bend). Ital. benda, ‘bandage,’ bendare, ‘to bind up,’ are borrowed. Bingelkraut, n., earlier Büngelkraut, ‘mercury’; Büngel, a name of a plant, from MidHG. bunge, OHG. bungo, ‘bulb.’ See Bachbunge. binnen, prep., ‘within,’ from MidHG. (MidLG. and MidDu.) binnen; comp. the corresponding AS. binnan, ‘within,’ from biinnan, with suppression of the i of bi, as in bange, barmherzig. See innen. Binse (Swiss Binz), f., ‘rush,’ from the plur. of the equiv. MidHG. binȥ, bineȥ, m., OHG. binuȥ, m.; comp. OSax. binut, AS. beonet, E. bent, bentgrass, as well names of places, Bentley, Bentheim, with a LG. vowel. The most probable derivation is that given in the OHG. period, by Notker, from bi- and naȥ (see naß); hence lit. ‘that which grows in wet places.’ LFranc. and LG. have a stem biusa corresponding to Du. bies, MidLG. bese, which are not cognate with Binse. |
Birke (Swiss Bilche, Birche), f., ‘birch,’ from the equiv. MidHG. birke (UpG. birche), OHG. bircha, birihha; comp. AS. birce, E. birch; also Du. berk, AS. beorc, OIc. bjǫrk, Goth. *bairka, f., or *bairkjô, f. This term, common to the Teut. group, is one of the few names of trees of primit. Aryan origin (comp. Buche); the pre-Teut. form is bhergâ (bhergyâ) and corresponds to Sans. bhûrja, m., ‘a kind of birch’ (neu. also ‘birch bark’), OSlov. brĕza, f., Lith. bérżas. Birne, f., ‘pear’; the n belongs properly to the inflexion; MidHG. bir (and still dialectic), plur. birn; OHG. bira, ‘pear.’ Derived from the Lat. pĭrum, or rather plur. pĭra. On account of the initial b of the German word, the date at which it was borrowed can hardly be placed earlier than the 9th cent. The Goth applied to the ‘mulberry-tree’ the apparently cognate term baírabagms. E. pear, AS. peru, Du. peer, are based upon the Rom. word (Ital. and Span. pera), derived from Lat. pirum. Respecting the change of gender see Pflaume. birschen, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. birsen, ‘to chase with hounds, to shoot deer’; s after r became sch, as in Arsch, barsch, Dorsche, herrschen, Hirsch, Kirsche, Kürschner, wirsch; from OFr. berser (MidLat. bersare), ‘to pierce with an arrow.’ bis, conj., adv., ‘until, as far as,’ from MidHG. biȥ (for which unze, unz most frequently occur); in OHG. it was perhaps biaȥ, i.e. bis is a compound of bĭ (see bei, Goth. bĭ) and aȥ (OHG. aȥ, ‘to,’ Goth. at, Lat. ad); biaȥ became biȥ, ‘until’ Earlier ModHG. has a variant bitze, bitz, which likewise arose from an older bi and ze, ‘to.’ Similarly ModHG. unz is composed of unt (Goth. und) and ze. — bislang, from the equiv. MidHG. bissolange, ‘so long, hitherto,’ for biȥ sô lange, ‘until so long.’ Bisam, m., ‘musk,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bisem, OHG. bisam, bisamo, from MidLat. bisamum, which is of oriental origin (Hebr. besem, Syr. besmo). Bischof, m., ‘bishop,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bischof (v), OHG. biscof (to which Bistum is related); Du. bisschop, AS. bisceop, E. bishop, with the same meaning. In Goth. with a closer adherence to the primit. form (ἐπίσκοπος) aípiskaúpus. This widely diffused word was probably adopted, like the Arianism of the Goths (comp. Kirche), from the Greeks without passing through Ro- |
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