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Bur

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But

society, especially to a students' society.’ From the last meaning, prevalent in the 15th cent., the ModHG. acceptation of Bursche (s after r became sch, as in Arsch, Hirsch) was developed, just as perhaps Frauenzimmer from Frauengemach; comp. the existing phrase altes Haus among students, AS. geogoð. ‘a company of young people,’ similar to E. youth.

Bürste, f., ‘brush,’ from MidHG. bürste, f., a deriv. of Borste; the equiv. E. term is, however, of Rom. origin (Fr. brosse).

Burzel, m., ‘purslane,’ from MidHG. and OHG. burzel, corrupted from the corresponding Lat. portulaca.

Bürzel, m., ‘hinder part of an animal, buttocks, brush (of a fox), scut,’ &c.; ModHG. only; allied to burzeln, purzeln?.

burzeln, vb., ‘to tumble head over heels,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bürzen, burzeln; the word cannot be traced farther back.

Busch, m., ‘bush, thicket, plume (of a helmet),’ from MidHG. busch, bosch, OHG. busc, m., ‘bush, shrubbery, thicket, wood, cluster’; comp. E. bush, Du. bos, ‘cluster,’ bosch, ‘copse,’ bussel, ‘cluster.’ There are similar forms in Rom., Ital. bosco, Fr. bois, which are traced back to. a MidLat. buscus, boscus. — Allied to Büschel, ‘cluster,’ from MidHG. büschel, m.

Büse, f., ‘herring-boat,’ not from MidHG. buze, OHG. buzo (z for ts), but from the equiv. Du. buis, to which OIc. búza,. AS. bûtse (in bûtsecearlas), E. buss, also correspond. There are similar words in Rom. — MidLat. buza, bussa, OFr. busse, buce. The origin of the cognates is probably not to be sought for in Teut.; the source whence they were borrowed is uncertain.

Busen, m., ‘bosom,’ from the equiv. MidHG. buosen, buosem, OHG. buosam, buosum, m..; comp. OSax. bôsm, Du. boezem, AS. bôsm, E. bosom; in East-Teut. (Goth., Scand.) the corresponding word (Goth. *bôsma-) is wanting. It may perhaps be allied to Bug, MidHG. buoc, ‘arm, shoulder’ (pre-Teut. bhâghu-); but since a pre-Teut. bhâghsmo, bhâksmo- does not occur in the cognate languages, nothing can be cited in favour of that explanation; at all events, Busen is not allied to biegen.

Büste, f., ‘bust,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. buste.

Bußaar, Bussard, m., ‘buzzard’; the first form is a popular corruption of the second, which first occurs in Mod

HG., from Fr. busard, ‘mouse-hawk, buzzard.’

Buße, f., ‘penance, atonement,’ from MidHG. buoęe, OHG. buoęa, f., ‘spiritual and legal atonement, compensation, relief’; OSax. bôta, ‘healing, relief’; AS. bôt, E. boot (‘use, gain, advantage’); also E. bote (‘wergeld’), firebote, fireboot (‘a free supply of fuel’), housebote (‘prison expenses,’ then ‘a free supply of wood for repairs and fuel’), Goth. bôta, ‘use.’ Under the cognate adjs. besser, best (comp. büßen in Lücken büßen, ‘to repair,’ OHG. buozzen; AS. bétan), will be found the necessary remarks on the evolution in meaning of the stem bat contained in these words. Comp. vergüten, ‘to make atonement, give compensation’ (Ersatz); Ersatz denotes a substitute of equal worth. Comp. also etwas gut machen, ‘to make good a loss,’ &c. See besser.

Butte, f., ‘flounder,’ first occurs in ModHG., from LG. butte; comp. the corresponding Du. bot, MidE. but. Origin obscure.

Bütte, Butte, f., from the equiv. MidHG. büte, bütte, büten, OHG. butin, f., ‘tub, butt’; the cognate LG. and E. words contain an abnormal medial t; AS. bytt, ‘flagon,’ E. butt, OIc. bytta. These indicate that the HG. word was borrowed in the OHG. period, when the shifting of t to tz was already accomplished. In the cognates the meaning varies, ‘leather pipe, cask,’ just as in the Rom. class from which they were borrowed — Span. bota, ‘leather pipe,’ Fr. botte, ‘butt.’ To OHG. butin (MidLat. butina), MidHG. büten, the ModHG. deriv. Büttner (from MidHG. bütenœre), ‘cooper’ (likewise a frequent surname), is also related.

Büttel, m., ‘beadle, jailer,’ from MidHG. bütel, OHG. butil, m., ‘a messenger of the law’; comp. AS. bydel, ‘messenger,’ E. beadle (which is based both on the AS. bydel and on a MidE. word of Rom. origin — MidLat. bedellus, ModFr. bedeau, ‘beadle’); allied to bieten.

Butter, f., ‘butter,’ from the equiv. MHG. buter, f., m., late OHG. butera, f.; the same medial dental appears in Du. boter, AS. butere, E. butter. This necessitates the assumption that the HG. word was first introduced into Germany about the 10th cent. It is derived, though changed in gender (der Butter, however, is common to the UpGer. dialects), from the Rom.--