Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/95

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nected directly with enge. It is more probable that Lith. anksztiraí, ‘measles (of swine), cockchafer grubs,’ Pol. węgry, ‘measles (of swine),’ are primit. cognates.

Enke, m. (unknown to UpG.), from the equiv. MidHG. ęnke, m., ‘farm servant, bind,’ OHG. ęncho, *ancheo (*ankjo), m., ‘servant’; corresponds only to OFris. inka and LG. enke, ‘servant.’ It is uncertain whether the word is primit. cognate with Lat. ancilla, ‘maid-servant,’ since Lat. c would be normally changed into LG. h or g; perhaps, however, it is based on the Aryan root ank or ang.

Enkel (1.), m., ‘ankle,’ from MidHG. ęnkel, m., OHG. ęnckil, anchal, m.; numerous primit. variants obscure the etymology. OIc. ǫkkla, n., AS. ǫncleów, n. (E. ankle), MidDu. anclau, OHG. anchlâo, ‘anklebone,’ seem to be modifications of the primary form, but do they suggest any connection with Klaue (comp. AS. ondcleów with oncleów)?. There is a difficulty in determining the relation of OHG. ęnchil, anchal, to anchlâo, and their further connection with MidHG. anke, m., ‘joint of the foot, nape’ (even now Anke in UpG. and MidG. dialects is the term for ‘nape, neck’), OHG. ęncha, f. (from ankia), ‘thigh, tibia’ (Fr. anche, ‘reed, mouthpiece’). Perhaps allied to Sans. án̄ga, ‘limb,’ an̄gúri, ‘finger.’

Enkel (2.), m., from the equiv. MidHG. ęnenkel, ęninkel, m., late OHG. ęninchilî(n), n., ‘grandson.’ Since even in MidHG. the forms ęnikel and ęniklîn appear, ModHG. Enkel is most closely connected with a form enekel, in which the medial e was syncopated. The termination inklîn is frequently found as a diminutive suffix; comp. AS. scipincel, ‘small ship,’ liþincel, ‘small limb,’ OHG. lęwinchilî(n), ‘small lion,’ huoninchilî(n), ‘chicken.’ Hence OHG. ęninchilî is a diminutive of Ahn, OHG. ano (Goth. *ana, gen. *anin-s), ‘grandfather,’ and signifies lit. ‘little grandfather, grandfather's child’; comp. the similar evolution of meaning in Lat. avunculus (see Oheim). In the non-Teut. languages there is probably another corresponding term besides the word cited under Ahn — OSlov. vŭnukŭ, ‘grandson.’

ent-, prefix, ‘forth, from, out, away,’ from MidHG. ent-, OHG. int-, an unaccented prefix corresponding to the accented ant-, which is of the same origin. In words with initial f, ent- even

in MidHG. becomes emp-, hence empfangen (from fangen), empfinden (from finden), empfehlen (befehlen), OHG. int-fâhan, int-findan, *int-fëlhan. The meaning of the prefix belongs to grammar.—

entbehren, vb., from MidHG. enbërn, OHG. (int-?) in-bëran, ‘to do without, want’; a corresponding vb. is wanting in the OTeut. dialects. The meaning of OHG. in-bëran can hardly be deduced from bëran, ‘to carry’ (see Bahre, gebaren, Bürde); whether it is connected with baar, OSlov. bosŭ, from an Aryan root bhes, ‘to be empty,’ remains uncertain, because the prefix has no very definite meaning, and because no other verb from this root has been found.

Ente, f., ‘duck,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ęnte (for *ęnete), ant (plur. ęnte), OHG. anut, ęnit, f.; a term common to Teut.; comp. MidLG. anet(d), Du. eend, AS. œned, OIc. ǫnd, f., ‘duck.’ The assumed Goth. form *anuþs points to a primit. kinship with Lat. anat-, ‘duck,’ with which some have also connected Sans. âti (see, however, Eider), as well as OSlov. ątĭ, Lith. ántis, ‘duck.’ For the E. term ‘duck’ (AS. dûce), see tauchen). —

Enterich (Suab. antrecht), m., ‘drake,’ a modification of MidHG. antreche, OHG. antrahho (Dan. andrik); probably the correct form is *anutirahho?. In LG. simply Drake, equiv. to E. drake, which has certainly nothing to do with Drache, ‘dragon,’ Lat. draco. Other terms for drake are LG. erpel in Pomerania, weddik in Mecklenburg, and wart in Holstein, all of obscure origin. Note further Swiss and Bav. Entvogel for Enterich.

entern, vb., ‘to hoard (a ship),’ simply ModHG., formed like Du. enteren, from Span. entrar (Lat. intrare).

entgegen, adv., ‘against, in opposition, towards,’ from MidHG. engęgen, OHG. ingęgin, and ingagan, adv. and prep., ‘towards, against’; comp. OSax. angęgin, AS. ongeán, E. again; see gegen. —

entrüstet, ‘exasperated, irritated,’ partic. of MidHG. entrüsten, ‘to take off one's armour, to disconcert’ (Du. and LG. ontrusten, ‘to disturb’); see rüsten. —

entsetzen, ‘to displace, depose’; (refl.) ‘to be shocked, terrified,’ from MidHG. entsętzen, ‘to lay aside, disconcert, be afraid,’ from MidHG. entsitzen, OHG. intsizzen, ‘to lose one's seat, fear, terrify,’ Goth. andsitan, ‘to shun, fear.’

entweder, particle, ‘either,’ from MidHG. eintwëder, an uninflected neu., corresponding as a disjunctive particle to an