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which, with such inefficient success, so many Papal provisions were found necessary to be issued, and found so important a part of the business of the Inquisition, that many, if not most, Directories on the subject, either distinctly refer to, or place at full length, the constitutions, or the last constitution, of one or more popes, as it may happen, against so foul, so probable, and so frequent an offence; and the reader of the Rev. Mr. Townsend's Travels in Spain will remember the defence set up by some Spanish prelates for the Office, namely, that it was the only effectual means of restraining such profligacy? It will be difficult to qualify this as heresy. But in the case of Galileo all is plain and above board. His new system, that the earth and planets revolved round the sun in our system, was deemed repugnant to Scripture, and was therefore formal heresy, and therefore condemned. The Inquisitors were sufficiently learned in the laws of the Holy Office, as well as of the Holy Church in general; and properly, and literally, without artificial phraseology, or legal fiction of any kind, they qualified the doctrine of their victim as heresy. If satisfaction on this point be wanted, it may be had to the full in the
