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the barbarous exploits of this restrictive engine. He mistakes, however, in supposing the infamous bull, which is at the bottom of it, to have been repealed. The confessional would be terribly crippled by its withdrawal.

IV. We proceed to another valuable desertion of Popery from the same city, the Rev. Charles Henry Wharton, D.D., who settled in America. In A Reply to an Address to the Roman Catholics of the United States of America [by Dr. Carroll], and published at New York, 1817, pp. 8–10: after observing that the notorious bull is received and observed in some countries and not in others, which makes that which is a grievous crime in one country to be not even a venial offence in another, he adds, — "This must be the sentiment of every Roman Catholic; and yet its consistency can hardly be admitted. For, if the Pope be a Doctor of the Church, by way of eminence, as he is frequently styled, if he be entitled to the pompous appellations of Master of the world, of Universal Father, which were frequently bestowed on him in the eleventh century;[1] if he be a Divine Majesty, the husband of the Church, the Prince of the Apostles,

  1. Mosheini's Church History.